Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which molecule is primarily responsible for coordinating the immune response?

  1. Cytokines

  2. Antibodies

  3. Histamines

  4. Complement proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cytokines are small proteins that act as messengers between immune cells, coordinating their actions and regulating the immune response.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, leading to an autoimmune response?

  1. Immune dysregulation

  2. Autoimmune sensitization

  3. Immune deficiency

  4. Immune tolerance breakdown
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immune tolerance breakdown occurs when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self, leading to the recognition of self-antigens as foreign and the initiation of an autoimmune response.

Multiple choice

What is the primary target of the immune system in lupus?

  1. Connective tissue

  2. Nerve cells

  3. Pancreatic beta cells

  4. Red blood cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects connective tissue, leading to inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues throughout the body.

Multiple choice

What is the primary target of the immune system in type 1 diabetes?

  1. Pancreatic beta cells

  2. Insulin receptors

  3. Glucose transporters

  4. Liver cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to a deficiency of insulin and an inability to regulate blood sugar levels.

Multiple choice

Which antibody is responsible for activating complement proteins, leading to the destruction of pathogens?

  1. IgM

  2. IgG

  3. IgA

  4. IgD
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

IgM antibodies are able to activate complement proteins, which are a group of proteins that work together to destroy pathogens.

Multiple choice

What is the role of IgD antibodies in the immune system?

  1. To activate B cells

  2. To neutralize toxins

  3. To provide long-term immunity

  4. To prevent allergies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

IgD antibodies are found on the surface of B cells and help to activate B cells when they encounter an antigen.

Multiple choice

What is the role of antibodies in autoimmune diseases?

  1. Antibodies attack the body's own tissues

  2. Antibodies neutralize toxins

  3. Antibodies activate complement proteins

  4. Antibodies provide long-term immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In autoimmune diseases, the immune system produces antibodies that attack the body's own tissues. This can lead to inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues.

Multiple choice

What is the role of antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

  1. Antibodies bind to target cells and activate natural killer cells to kill the target cells

  2. Antibodies neutralize toxins

  3. Antibodies activate complement proteins

  4. Antibodies provide long-term immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibodies bind to target cells and activate natural killer cells to kill the target cells. This is an important mechanism for the immune system to eliminate infected cells and cancer cells.

Multiple choice

What are antibodies?

  1. Proteins produced by B cells

  2. Cells that engulf and destroy pathogens

  3. Chemicals that signal other immune cells

  4. Structures that filter out pathogens from the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the bone marrow in the immune system?

  1. To produce antibodies

  2. To engulf and destroy pathogens

  3. To produce immune cells

  4. To filter out pathogens from the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The bone marrow is responsible for producing immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages, which play crucial roles in the immune response.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is caused by a deficiency in the production or function of antibodies?

  1. Combined immunodeficiency

  2. Humoral immunodeficiency

  3. Cellular immunodeficiency

  4. Phagocytic immunodeficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Humoral immunodeficiency is characterized by a deficiency in the production or function of antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign substances in the body.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a deficiency in the number or function of phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages?

  1. Combined immunodeficiency

  2. Humoral immunodeficiency

  3. Cellular immunodeficiency

  4. Phagocytic immunodeficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Phagocytic immunodeficiency is characterized by a deficiency in the number or function of phagocytic cells, which are responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign particles and microorganisms.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a deficiency in the production or function of T cells?

  1. Combined immunodeficiency

  2. Humoral immunodeficiency

  3. Cellular immunodeficiency

  4. Phagocytic immunodeficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cellular immunodeficiency is characterized by a deficiency in the production or function of T cells, which play a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity and the recognition and destruction of infected cells.

Multiple choice

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to measure the levels of antibodies in the blood?

  1. Complete blood count (CBC)

  2. Antibody titer test

  3. T cell count

  4. Chest X-ray
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibody titer tests are used to measure the levels of antibodies in the blood, which can help diagnose humoral immunodeficiency disorders.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a deficiency in the production or function of natural killer (NK) cells?

  1. Combined immunodeficiency

  2. Humoral immunodeficiency

  3. Cellular immunodeficiency

  4. NK cell deficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

NK cell deficiency is characterized by a deficiency in the production or function of natural killer (NK) cells, which play a role in innate immunity and the recognition and destruction of infected cells.