Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which MHC molecule is responsible for presenting antigens to CD4+ T cells?

  1. MHC class I

  2. MHC class II

  3. MHC class III

  4. MHC class IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

MHC class II molecules are expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and present antigens to CD4+ T cells, which help activate other immune cells.

Multiple choice

What is the role of MHC class III molecules?

  1. Antigen presentation

  2. Complement activation

  3. Immune regulation

  4. Cell adhesion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

MHC class III molecules, such as HLA-G, are involved in immune regulation and play a role in preventing the rejection of fetuses during pregnancy.

Multiple choice

What is the role of MHC class IV molecules?

  1. Antigen presentation

  2. Complement activation

  3. Immune regulation

  4. Cell adhesion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

MHC class IV molecules, such as CD1, are involved in cell adhesion and play a role in the interaction between immune cells and other cells.

Multiple choice

What is the main component of blood?

  1. Plasma

  2. Red blood cells

  3. White blood cells

  4. Platelets
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plasma is the liquid component of blood and makes up about 55% of its volume.

Multiple choice

Which blood cells are involved in blood clotting?

  1. Red blood cells

  2. White blood cells

  3. Platelets

  4. Lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Platelets are involved in blood clotting and help stop bleeding.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating and stimulating T cells?

  1. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  2. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

  3. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

  4. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key cytokine that plays a central role in activating and stimulating T cells. It promotes T cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production, thereby enhancing the cellular immune response.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for promoting inflammation and recruiting immune cells to the site of infection or injury?

  1. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

  2. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

  3. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  4. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in initiating and amplifying the inflammatory response. It promotes the production of other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to the recruitment of immune cells, increased vascular permeability, and tissue repair.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for suppressing immune responses and preventing excessive inflammation?

  1. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  2. Interleukin-12 (IL-12)

  3. Interleukin-18 (IL-18)

  4. Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and preventing excessive inflammation. It suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits the activation of immune cells, and promotes immune tolerance.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells and inducing immune responses against extracellular bacteria and fungi?

  1. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)

  2. Interleukin-22 (IL-22)

  3. Interleukin-23 (IL-23)

  4. Interleukin-27 (IL-27)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells, a subset of helper T cells that are important for immune responses against extracellular bacteria and fungi. IL-23 also enhances the production of IL-17 and other cytokines by Th17 cells.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppressing immune responses?

  1. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  2. Interleukin-35 (IL-35)

  3. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)

  4. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T cells that suppress immune responses and maintain immune tolerance. TGF-β also inhibits the activation and proliferation of other immune cells, contributing to its immunosuppressive effects.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for promoting the differentiation of Th2 cells and inducing immune responses against helminths and allergens?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-5 (IL-5)

  3. Interleukin-13 (IL-13)

  4. Interleukin-25 (IL-25)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in promoting the differentiation of Th2 cells, a subset of helper T cells that are important for immune responses against helminths and allergens. IL-4 also enhances the production of antibodies, particularly IgE, by B cells.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for promoting the differentiation of Th9 cells and inducing immune responses against helminths and extracellular parasites?

  1. Interleukin-9 (IL-9)

  2. Interleukin-22 (IL-22)

  3. Interleukin-25 (IL-25)

  4. Interleukin-33 (IL-33)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in promoting the differentiation of Th9 cells, a subset of helper T cells that are important for immune responses against helminths and extracellular parasites. IL-9 also enhances the production of antibodies, particularly IgA, by B cells.

Multiple choice

How is SCID treated?

  1. Bone marrow transplant

  2. Gene therapy

  3. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

SCID can be treated with bone marrow transplant, gene therapy, IVIG therapy, or a combination of these treatments.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of phagocytic cell?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Dendritic cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells are all types of phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy foreign particles.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of cytokine?

  1. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

  2. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

  3. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are all types of cytokines.