Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

What is the role of B cells in asthma?

  1. To produce antibodies against allergens

  2. To activate T cells that attack allergens

  3. To help T cells differentiate into memory T cells that attack allergens

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In asthma, B cells can produce antibodies against allergens, activate T cells that attack allergens, and help T cells differentiate into memory T cells that attack allergens.

Multiple choice

Which treatment approach utilizes the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells?

  1. Chemotherapy

  2. Radiation therapy

  3. Surgery

  4. Immunotherapy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to identify and target cancer cells, stimulating an immune response to eliminate them.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the immune response against a transplanted organ or tissue?

  1. Rejection

  2. Acceptance

  3. Tolerance

  4. Immunosuppression
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rejection is the term used to describe the immune response against a transplanted organ or tissue, which can lead to the destruction and failure of the transplant.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is primarily responsible for the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues?

  1. Humoral immune response

  2. Cell-mediated immune response

  3. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

  4. Neither humoral nor cell-mediated immune responses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are involved in the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues. Humoral immune response involves the production of antibodies that recognize and attack foreign antigens on the transplanted tissue, while cell-mediated immune response involves the activation of T cells that directly attack and destroy the transplanted tissue.

Multiple choice

What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and how does it contribute to transplant rejection?

  1. A group of genes that encode proteins involved in immune recognition

  2. A group of genes that encode proteins involved in tissue repair

  3. A group of genes that encode proteins involved in blood clotting

  4. A group of genes that encode proteins involved in hormone production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genes that encode proteins involved in immune recognition. MHC proteins are expressed on the surface of cells and present foreign antigens to T cells, which can then activate an immune response against the transplanted tissue.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the state of immune tolerance to a transplanted organ or tissue?

  1. Rejection

  2. Acceptance

  3. Tolerance

  4. Immunosuppression
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tolerance is the term used to describe the state of immune tolerance to a transplanted organ or tissue, in which the immune system does not recognize the transplanted tissue as foreign and does not mount an immune response against it.

Multiple choice

What is the role of tissue typing in transplantation immunology?

  1. To determine the compatibility of donor and recipient tissues

  2. To identify potential risks of rejection

  3. To select the most suitable immunosuppressive regimen

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue typing in transplantation immunology is used to determine the compatibility of donor and recipient tissues, identify potential risks of rejection, and select the most suitable immunosuppressive regimen.

Multiple choice

What is the mechanism of action of adoptive cell therapy?

  1. Stimulating the production of antibodies

  2. Introducing tumor-specific antigens into the body

  3. Engineering immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells

  4. Blocking the activity of immunosuppressive cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adoptive cell therapy involves modifying and expanding a patient's own immune cells, such as T cells, to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy?

  1. Stimulating the production of antibodies

  2. Blocking the activity of immunosuppressive cells

  3. Introducing tumor-specific antigens into the body

  4. Engineering immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Immune checkpoint blockade works by blocking the activity of inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, which normally suppress T cell activity, thereby releasing the brakes on the immune system and allowing it to attack cancer cells more effectively.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunotherapy involves the use of genetically modified viruses to infect and kill cancer cells?

  1. Immune checkpoint blockade

  2. Cytokine therapy

  3. Virotherapy

  4. Cancer vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Virotherapy involves the use of genetically modified viruses that are engineered to selectively infect and kill cancer cells, while sparing healthy cells.

Multiple choice

What is the primary goal of cancer vaccines in immunotherapy?

  1. To suppress the immune system

  2. To enhance the immune system's ability to fight cancer

  3. To replace damaged immune cells

  4. To introduce foreign antigens into the body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cancer vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells by introducing tumor-specific antigens into the body, thereby generating an immune response against the cancer.

Multiple choice

Which type of immunotherapy involves the use of antibodies to block the activity of immunosuppressive cells?

  1. Immune checkpoint blockade

  2. Cytokine therapy

  3. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)

  4. Cancer vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immune checkpoint blockade involves the use of antibodies that target and block the activity of inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, which normally suppress T cell activity, thereby enhancing the immune response against cancer cells.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

  1. Inhibiting cancer cell growth

  2. Stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells

  3. Replacing damaged cells with healthy cells

  4. Blocking the blood supply to tumors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Immunotherapy works by stimulating the patient's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Multiple choice

What is the main challenge associated with the development of cancer vaccines?

  1. The difficulty in identifying tumor-specific antigens

  2. The risk of autoimmune reactions

  3. The high cost of vaccine development

  4. The potential for cancer cells to evade the immune response
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

One of the main challenges associated with the development of cancer vaccines is the difficulty in identifying tumor-specific antigens that can be targeted by the immune system without causing autoimmune reactions.

Multiple choice

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Lymphocytes

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of phagocytes in the blood and are the primary cells responsible for phagocytosis during the early stages of an immune response.