Historical Dates and Events

Early in the 18th century the Portuguese found that they could import opium from India and sell it in China at a considerable profit. By 1773 the British had discovered the trade, and that year they became the leading suppliers of the Chinese market. The British East India Company established a monopoly on opium cultivation in the Indian province of Bengal, where they developed a method of growing opium poppies cheaply and abundantly. Other Western countries also joined in the trade, including the United States, which dealt in Turkish as well as Indian opium.

The Vellore Mutiny is a well-documented historical event that occurred on July 10, 1806.

The Vellore Mutiny broke out in the early hours of July 10, 1806.

The Kolis, the neighbours of the Bhils, also resented the imposition of British rule, dismantlement of their forests and the new order of administration and caused widespread employment. The Kolis rose in rebellion in 1829, in 1839 and once again during 1844-1848.

The Western Chaluya kingdom is referred to as Kalyani Chalukya. After the Chalukyas of Badami were destroyed by Dantidurga, they revived after two centuries in around 973AD. This was known as Chalukyas of Kalyani. It lasted for two centuries and was formed by Taila II after defeating the last Rashtrakuta ruler Kakka II.

The mature phase of the Indus Valley Civilization is widely accepted by archaeologists and historians to have flourished between 2600 BC and 1900 BC.

The Saka Samvat is a historical calendar era that is widely believed to have been started by the Kushan emperor Kanishka in 78 AD.

The Vikrama Samvat is a historical Hindu calendar era that is traditionally believed to have been established by King Vikramaditya of Ujjain in 58 BC.

The term Aryan means ‘Nobel’ by word. There are many statements which talk about origin of Aryans. Most common and accepted one is that the Aryans are Iranians who settled in India. Period of settlement of Aryans in India is 2000-1500 BC.

The Achaemenid Empire, under Cyrus the Great and later Darius I, expanded into the Indus Valley around the 6th century B.C. (600 B.C.).

The rise of Islam in India began with the conquest of Sind, one of the provinces in present-day Pakistan and one of the important sites of Indus valley civilisation. Muhammad-Bin-Qasim, a Umayyad general conquered the Sind and Punjab region in a very tender age of 17 in 712 AD. Sind invasion is considered one of the world's historic marvels as it led to the spread of Islam in South Asia.

Around the first or second century CE, trade between India and Rome flourished. The ports in South India also had a large share in this trade.

Funan was the first important Hinduized kingdom in southeast Asia. It  arose in the 1st century AD and was incorporated into the state of Chenla in the 6th century. This kingdom established by Kaundinya flourished for a few centuries and later was merged in the famous kingdom of Kambuja .

The Borobudur temple was constructed during the Sailendra Dynasty in the 9th century AD, specifically between 778 and 850 AD.

The Roman Empire imposed the trade restrictions in mid-3rd century because there was crisis in the Roman Empire. But the trade again begin in the 4th century