Historical Dates and Events

The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Army, under the command of the ruler of the Ottoman Turks Sultan Mehmed II on 29th May 1453. With this conquest, Ottomans became an Empire and one of the most powerful empires

The Islamic calendar employs the Hijri era whose epoch was established as the Islamic New Year of 622 CE. During that year Muhammad and his followers shifted from Mecca to Medina and established the first Muslim Community. This event is commemorated as Hijra. 

Prophet Muhammad passed away in 632 CE in Medina after a brief illness.

Guru Arjan Sahib ji was the fifth guru of Sikh community who became guru on 16 September 1581. He followed the footsteps of Guru Ram Das ji. He was the embodiment of Godly devotion, selfless service and universal love. He was the treasure of celestial knowledge and spiritual excellence.

Julius Caesar famously crossed the Rubicon in 49 BCE, effectively starting a civil war and seizing power in Rome.

The Roman Republic is traditionally dated to the expulsion of the last king, Tarquinius Superbus, in 509 BCE.

The Third Servile War, led by the gladiator Spartacus, began in 73 BCE and lasted until 71 BCE.

Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, died on August 19, 14 CE.

The Roman Empire was permanently divided into the Western and Eastern Roman Empires in 395 CE, following the death of Emperor Theodosius I.

The English East India Company was formed in 1600 and received Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600. It was established to pursue trade in Indian Subcontinent.

The news of Austrain succession was reached India in 1744. The first Carnatic War was the result of Austrain succession war that took place in 1740 between Austria and Purssia. English and French entered opposite sides in the war.

The Battle of Madras or Fall of Madras took place in September 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession when a French force attacked and captured the city of Madras from its British garrison.

They occupied it until the end of hostilities when it was exchanged for a British conquest of Quebec in North America as part of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. One of the British defenders, Robert Clive made his name by escaping from the French captors and carrying news of the city's fall to his superiors at Fort St David.

Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib were able to capture Arcot while Nasir Jung's subsequent death allowed Muzaffar Jung to take control of Hyderabad. Muzaffar's reign was short as he was soon killed, and Salabat Jung became Nawab, In January, 1751.

The war came to an end with the treaty of Paris in 1763, Pondicherry, Karaikal, Chandranagore and Mahe were returned to French but they were not allowed to fortify them. The French lost all their prestige and influence in India.

The Battle of Amber (3 August 1749) was the first major battle of the Second Carnatic War.

The battle was initiated by Muzaffar Jung and supported by Joseph François Dupleix and led by Chanda Sahib, who sought to overthrow Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, the Nawab of the Carnatic, for supporting Nasir Jung's claim to be Nizam of Hyderabad. French forces were decisive in giving the allies victory; Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan was killed in the battle and Chanda Sahib seized control of the Carnatic.