Biology

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

690 Questions

The endocrine and exocrine glands topic explores the human body's essential secreting structures, including the pituitary, thyroid, and salivary glands. Questions often focus on gland locations, their specific secretions, and crucial physiological functions. This subject is a core component of the general science syllabus across many highly competitive examinations.

Master endocrine glandsPituitary gland locationSalivary gland functionsThyroid and ductless glandsApocrine sweat glands

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands Questions

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Secretions of ductless glands is known as 

  1. Hormones

  2. Pheromones

  3. Enzymes

  4. Mucoids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Hormones are the chemicals or signalling molecules secreted from endocrine glands (ductless glands that secrete their products directly into blood stream from where they are carried to their target organs) which affect the functioning and regulation of target organs.
B. Pheromones are chemicals used by organisms of same species for communication.
C. Enzymes are the biocatalysts that speed up the rate of reaction without getting altered.
D. Mucoids are the fluids secreted from mucosal glands or mucosal membranes.
So, the correct answer is 'Hormones'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of these is a mixed gland? 

  1. Thyroid

  2. Pituitary

  3. Adrenal

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
C. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
D. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
Hence, pancreas is a mixed gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Pancreas'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

How many endocrine glands are located in human brain?

  1. 3

  2. 4

  3. 2

  4. 9
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
There are three endocrine glands which are located in human brain-
1. Hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon which is present in forebrain and it regulates a wide spectrum of body functions. It is an anatomical and physiological connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system. It is connected to the pituitary gland by a stalk called infundibulum.
2. Pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity of the sphenoid bone of the skull called sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called infundibulum.
3. Pineal gland is located on the dorsal side of forebrain.
So, the correct answer is '3'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which one is endocrine? 

  1. Brunner's gland

  2. Crypts of Lieberkuhn

  3. Pars radiata

  4. Juxtaglomerulus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Brunner's gland are present in small intestine and secrete intestinal juice through ducts.
B. Crypts of Lieberkühn, also known as Paneth cells, are tubular glands present in small intestine and secrete intestinal juice.
C. Pars radiata (medullary rays) are the extensions of medulla into cortex of kidney.
D. Juxtaglomerulus is present in kidneys and consists of juxtaglomerular cells or JG cells that secrete enzyme renin and hormone erythropoietin. Hence, juxtaglomerulus is endocrine (ductless glands) as it secretes a hormone.
So, the correct answer is 'Juxtaglomerulus'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which one of the following pairs includes only endocrine glands?

  1. Thymus and testes

  2. Adrenal and ovary

  3. Parathyroid and adrenal

  4. Pancreas and parathyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their products directly into the bloodstream from where they are carried to their target organs and cause changes in their functioning and regulation. Parathyroid gland is present on posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland and secretes parathormone which increases calcium level in blood. Adrenal glands are located on upper surface of kidneys. They consist of adrenal cortex secreting corticoid hormones and adrenal medulla secreting adrenaline and noradrenaline. Both parathyroid and adrenal gland are endocrine glands.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid and adrenal'.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Sebaceous glands:

  1. help keep the skin soft

  2. are involved in body temperature regulation

  3. are responsible for breaking out in a cold sweat

  4. are found in the external auditory meatus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sebaceous glands work with sweat producing eccrine glands to regulate body temperature.

So, the correct option is 'are involved in body temperature regulation'.

Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Thyroid gland

  3. Pineal gland

  4. Salivary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
There are two types of glands namely, endocrine glands and exocrine glands. 
Exocrine glands are those that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface of the body through a duct. Examples include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous glands.
Endocrine glands are those that secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. Examples include pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.

So the answer is option D.
Multiple choice biology endocrine glands different type of gland glands in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Integrative system in the body are

  1. Endocrine system

  2. Nervous system

  3. Blood vascular system

  4. Both endocrine and nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Both endocrine and nervous system are the integrative system in the body. 
The nervous system has three overlapping functions. These functions are based on the sensory input, integration and motor output. The nervous system is a highly integrated system, the control center of which is the brain.
Endocrine system has organs such as Thyroid, Pituitary glands that secrete hormones which regulate body functions. Hence, option D is correct. 
Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Which of the following integrates Nervous and endocrine system?

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Pineal gland

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Thymus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain. It's located at the base of the brain, near the pituitary gland. 
  • The hypothalamus is the link between the endocrine and nervous systems. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body.
  • Hence Hypothalamus integrates Nervous and endocrine system.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Which one feature is correctly described?

  1. Salivary glands - secretes saliva - replication

  2. Pupil of the eyes - dilate - constricts- regulates entry of light

  3. Heart rate - decreases - tachycardia

  4. Intestinal peristalsis - stimulates - inhibits - heart rate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pupil is a hole or opening in the middle of the iris. Iris is the coloured part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil (contraction and dilation). Salivary glands are associated with digestion while intestinal peristalsis moves the food through the intestine. Tachycardia refers to the presence of faster heart beat. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Acetylcholine is the secretion of

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Sympathetic nervous system

  3. Parasympathetic nervous system

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that is released by the presynaptic nerve fibres into the synaptic cleft which is received by the receptors on the post-synaptic nerves. It allows the transfer of the information from the presynaptic neuron to the post-synaptic neurons. The preganglionic and the post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves are cholinergic because they secrete the acetylcholine. The preganglionic nerve fibres of the sympathetic nervous system are also cholinergic.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Parasympathetic nervous system'

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

The chemical messengers produced in ductless glands are:

  1. vitamins

  2. lipids

  3. antibiotics

  4. hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The chemical messengers produced in ductless glands are called hormones. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system (composed of glands) but are transported to different parts of the body through the bloodstream.


 Endocrine glands have a rich blood supply through which hormones travel to reach their target organs. Hormones alter the metabolism of target organs by increasing or decreasing their activity.

Hence, the option $D$ is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which name is associated with the chemical substances produced in endocrine ductless glands?

  1. Vitamins

  2. Antigens

  3. Bile acids

  4. Hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hormone is a chemical substances produced in endocrine ductless glands. 


These glands produce chemical messengers called hormones which pass into the bloodstream for circulation throughout the body.

 Hormones are secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and regulate the metabolic functions of other cells in the body.

Option D is correct.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The two systems exerting opposite influence on the same organ/organs are 

  1. Endocrine and exocrine glands.

  2. Muscular and nervous systems.

  3. Endocrine and nervous systems.

  4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system controls the fight response in the body. The parasympathetic nervous system controls the feed and breed activities of the body. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) acts as an antagonist to the action of the parasympathetic nervous system(PNS) and the PNS acts as an antagonist to the action of SNS.

So, the correct option is 'Sympathetic and Parasympathetic'