Biology

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

594 Questions

The endocrine and exocrine glands topic explores the human body's essential secreting structures, including the pituitary, thyroid, and salivary glands. Questions often focus on gland locations, their specific secretions, and crucial physiological functions. This subject is a core component of the general science syllabus across many highly competitive examinations.

Master endocrine glandsPituitary gland locationSalivary gland functionsThyroid and ductless glandsApocrine sweat glands

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands Questions

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Pituitary gland is under the control of

  1. Thyroid gland

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Adrenal medulla

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
C. Adrenal medulla is part of adrenal gland and secretes adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormones.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Find the correctly matched pair among the following.

  1. Pineal gland - does not influence menstrual cycle.

  2. Corpus lutem - secretes oxytocin.

  3. Interstitial cells - erythopoietic.

  4. Cholecystokinin - stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretions.

  5. Thyroxine - triiodothyronine.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system, responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. Cholecystokinin, previously called pancreozymin, is secreted in the duodenum and causes the release of digestive enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively. 

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located beneath the tongue and produces a viscous, mucin-rich saliva?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The sublingual gland is responsible for producing a viscous, mucin-rich saliva that contributes to the lubrication and protection of the oral mucosa.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is the largest and produces a serous, watery saliva?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and produces a serous, watery saliva that is rich in enzymes, including amylase and lipase.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located below the mandible and produces a mixed saliva containing both serous and mucous components?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The submandibular gland produces a mixed saliva that contains both serous and mucous components, contributing to both lubrication and digestion in the mouth.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is responsible for producing the majority of the saliva in the mouth?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland is responsible for producing approximately 60-70% of the total saliva in the mouth.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth and produces a saliva rich in bicarbonate ions?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The submandibular gland produces a saliva rich in bicarbonate ions, which helps to neutralize acids in the mouth and maintain a neutral pH.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is responsible for producing saliva that is high in immunoglobulin A (IgA)?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The minor salivary glands, particularly the labial and palatal glands, are responsible for producing saliva that is high in immunoglobulin A (IgA), an important antibody that helps protect the oral cavity from infections.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located behind the mandible and produces a saliva rich in potassium and chloride ions?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland produces a saliva rich in potassium and chloride ions, contributing to the electrolyte balance in the mouth.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is responsible for producing saliva that is high in salivary amylase?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland produces saliva that is high in salivary amylase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the digestion of carbohydrates.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of endocrine surgery?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Pancreatectomy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pancreatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the pancreas. It is not a type of endocrine surgery because the pancreas is not an endocrine gland.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed through the mouth?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET) is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed through the mouth. It is used to remove the thyroid gland.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed on patients with pheochromocytoma?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Pituitary surgery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenalectomy is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed on patients with pheochromocytoma. It is used to remove the adrenal glands, which produce the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Multiple choice

What is the primary source of testosterone production in men?

  1. Testes

  2. Adrenal glands

  3. Pituitary gland

  4. Thyroid gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The testes, also known as testicles, are the primary source of testosterone production in men.