Biology

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

690 Questions

The endocrine and exocrine glands topic explores the human body's essential secreting structures, including the pituitary, thyroid, and salivary glands. Questions often focus on gland locations, their specific secretions, and crucial physiological functions. This subject is a core component of the general science syllabus across many highly competitive examinations.

Master endocrine glandsPituitary gland locationSalivary gland functionsThyroid and ductless glandsApocrine sweat glands

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands Questions

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The gland which is exocrine and endocrine is 

  1. Adrenal

  2. Pituitary

  3. Pancreas

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
B. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
C. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
D. Liver is an organ found in vertebrates which bile juice that helps in the digestion of fats.
So, the correct answer is 'Pancreas'.
Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : The second largest digestive gland in out body is pancreas.
Statement 2 : Pancreas functions both as an exocrine and endocrine gland.

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The correct answer is (a).

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Choose the correct statement.
A) Lightly-stained clusters of cells in the pancreas, are called pancreatic islets.
B) Pancreas is located in the upper left part of the abdomen.
C) F-cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Both A and C

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The pancreas is one of the most important glands of the digestive system in human. It is located in the abdominal cavity, behind the stomach, which is upper left part of the abdomen. The tissues with an endocrine role can be seen under staining as lightly-stained clusters of cells, called as Pancreatic islets, also called as Islets of Langerhans. Islets of Langerhans contain four different type of cells, that is, alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and pp cells also called as F cells. The F cells constitute only 5% of islet cells. It secretes pancreatic polypeptide. 

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Liver is the largest gland and is associated with various functions. Choose one which is not correct?

  1. Metabolism of carbohydrate

  2. Digestion of fat

  3. Formation of bile

  4. Secretion of hormone called gastrin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gastrin hormone is secreted by the G-cells in the mucosal lining of the stomach. Gastrin is responsible for stimulating the secretion of HCl in the stomach.

A. The liver performs the metabolism of carbohydrates by making glycogen from excess glucose and releasing glycogen at the time of glucose deficiency in the body.
B. The liver plays a role in the digestion of fats by releasing bile in the duodenum.
C. Liver forms bile which contains bilirubin, cholesterol, bicarbonate ions, and bile salts that aid in the digestion of fats.
D. Gastrin is secreted by the G-cells in the stomach.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Secretion of hormone called gastrin'

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

MSH is secreted in man by which part of pituitary?

  1. Anterior Pituitary

  2. Dorsal lobe of pituitary

  3. Posterior lobe of pituitary

  4. Intermediate lobe of pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In vertebrates, the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland which is about the size of a pea. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

ACTH is secreted by 

  1. Thyroid gland

  2. Thymus gland

  3. Pituitary gland

  4. Islets of Langerhans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress. Its principal effects are increased production and release of corticosteroids. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which of the following glands is concerned with salt equilibrium in body?

  1. Anterior pituitary

  2. Pancreas

  3. Adrenal

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. Adrenal glands are concerned with salt equilibrium in the body. 

Mineralocorticoids produced in zona glomerulosa secreted from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid in our body. Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates re-absorption of $Na^+$ and water and excretion of $K^+$ and phosphate ions. Hence, option C is correct.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which gland is concerned with salt equilibrium in body?

  1. Anterior Pituitary

  2. Pancreas

  3. Adrenal

  4. Thyroid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The adrenal cortex produces a hormone, called as aldosterone, that is involved in regulating the amount of salt and water in the body. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid, which acts on the principal cells of the collecting ducts, ducts of sweat and salivary glands.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

When mammary glands of male develop similar to that of female, then this condition is known as:

  1. Gonochorism

  2. Gynaecomastia

  3. Feminism

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gynaecomastia is enlargement of the male breast tissue. Oestrogen stimulates breast tissue growth, while androgens inhibit it. The important factor is the ratio of active androgens to oestrogens. The ratio can be altered as a result of reduced testosterone production/action or enhanced oestrogen production/action or both. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which one of the following is homologous to pituitary gland of vertebrates?

  1. Muller's organ of Amphioxus

  2. Subneural gland of Ascidian

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The pharynx of amphioxus is perforated by over 100-150 pharyngeal gill slits or stigmata, which are used to strain food particles out of the water. In cephalochordates, a vestibule lies in front of the pharynx that is guarded by the oral cirri. The vestibule contains ciliated tracts of wheeler organ or muller's organs, an excretory organ (Hatschek's nephridium), and a shallow groove (Hatschek's pit) that is probably homologous to the adenohypophysis in vertebrates. In ascidian or sea-squirts, the tunicate has very simple nervous systems, which could be represented as ganglion below the sub neutral gland, which was thought to produce substances similar to hypophyseal substances. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

3F gland is 

  1. Adrenal

  2. Thyroid

  3. Gonadal

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The adrenal medulla secretes 2 hormones - adrenalin and noradrenalin. 

Adrenalin is also called as an emergency hormone. Adrenaline brings about increased heartbeat, the rate of respiration and dilation of pupils, thereby preparing the body to face an emergency situation. Adrenalin is also called as 3F hormone because it takes care of emergency functions of the body during fear, fight, and flight. Hence, the adrenal gland is also known as 3F gland. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Puberty may appear due to 

  1. Stimulation of adrenal cortex

  2. Stimulation of adrenal medulla

  3. Secretions from pituitary gland

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Puberty begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage in life in which a child develops secondary sex characteristics as his or her hormonal balance shifts strongly towards an adult state. This is triggered by the pituitary gland which secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction. The male and female gonads are subsequently activated, which puts them into a state of rapid growth and development. The testes release testosterone and the ovaries release estrogen. The production of these hormones increases gradually until sexual maturation is met.