Biology ยท General Awareness

Diseases and Health Risk Factors

2,629 Questions

Diseases and health risk factors examine the intrinsic and environmental causes of human illnesses. This includes common cancers, heart conditions, and substance abuse indicators. These topics are essential for biology papers in medical entrance and civil services examinations.

Cancer risk factorsSubstance abuse indicatorsIntrinsic disease factorsHeart disease risksInfant mortality causesChronic health conditions

Diseases and Health Risk Factors Questions

Multiple choice

What is the primary cause of bad breath (halitosis)?

  1. Poor oral hygiene

  2. Gum disease

  3. Dry mouth

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Poor oral hygiene, gum disease, and dry mouth can all contribute to bad breath.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of injury among musicians?

  1. Repetitive strain injury

  2. Hearing loss

  3. Vocal cord damage

  4. Back pain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is the most common type of injury among musicians. It is caused by overuse of the muscles and tendons in the hands, arms, and shoulders.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a common measure of disease frequency?

  1. Incidence

  2. Prevalence

  3. Mortality

  4. Morbidity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mortality is a measure of the number of deaths in a population, while incidence, prevalence, and morbidity are measures of the number of cases of a disease in a population.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of intellectual disability?

  1. Genetic disorders

  2. Prenatal factors

  3. Birth complications

  4. Environmental factors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome, are the most common cause of intellectual disability.

Multiple choice

What is the most common bone disease among women?

  1. Osteoporosis

  2. Osteoarthritis

  3. Rheumatoid arthritis

  4. Gout
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle, making them more susceptible to fractures.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

  1. Family history of osteoporosis

  2. Low body weight

  3. Smoking

  4. Alcohol consumption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

All of the options mentioned are risk factors for osteoporosis.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of confounding?

  1. A study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer that does not control for age.

  2. A study of the relationship between physical activity and heart disease that does not control for diet.

  3. A study of the relationship between air pollution and respiratory problems that does not control for socioeconomic status.

  4. A study of the relationship between alcohol consumption and liver disease that does not control for hepatitis infection.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Confounding occurs when a factor is related to both the exposure and the outcome, leading to a distorted association between the two. In the given example, age is a confounding factor because it is related to both smoking and lung cancer. Smokers are more likely to be older than non-smokers, and older people are more likely to develop lung cancer. Therefore, not controlling for age in the study could lead to an overestimation of the association between smoking and lung cancer.

Multiple choice

LGBTQ+ individuals are more likely to experience which of the following health conditions compared to the general population?

  1. Mental health disorders

  2. Substance use disorders

  3. Chronic diseases

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

LGBTQ+ individuals have higher rates of mental health disorders, substance use disorders, and chronic diseases compared to the general population.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of intellectual disability?

  1. Genetic disorders

  2. Prenatal infections

  3. Birth injuries

  4. Environmental factors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic disorders are the most common cause of intellectual disability, accounting for about 50% of cases.

Multiple choice

What is the leading cause of death among women worldwide?

  1. Heart disease

  2. Stroke

  3. Cancer

  4. Chronic respiratory diseases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, accounting for more deaths than all forms of cancer combined.

Multiple choice

Which type of cancer is the most common among women?

  1. Breast cancer

  2. Lung cancer

  3. Colorectal cancer

  4. Skin cancer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, with one in eight women developing breast cancer during their lifetime.

Multiple choice

Which type of cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide?

  1. Lung cancer

  2. Colorectal cancer

  3. Breast cancer

  4. Skin cancer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide, after breast cancer.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing oral cancer?

  1. Tobacco use

  2. Alcohol consumption

  3. Poor oral hygiene

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene are all major risk factors for developing oral cancer.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of oral cancer?

  1. Squamous cell carcinoma

  2. Adenocarcinoma

  3. Melanoma

  4. Sarcoma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for about 90% of all cases.

Multiple choice

Who is at high risk for developing oral cancer?

  1. Smokers

  2. Heavy drinkers

  3. Individuals with poor oral hygiene

  4. Individuals with a family history of oral cancer

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Individuals who smoke, drink heavily, have poor oral hygiene, or have a family history of oral cancer are all at high risk for developing the disease.