Constitutions and Law

The First Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains the list of states and union territories. Any change in the territory of a state or creation of a new state requires an amendment to this schedule.

Articles 101 to 104 of the Indian Constitution deal with the vacation of seats, disqualifications, and penalties for sitting and voting before making an oath.

Rigid Constitution are those Constitution that can not be changed. Flexible Constitution are Constitution that can be changed through a process of amendment. 

Proclamation of National Emergency has been defined under article 352.According to this, If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion, he may, by Proclamation, made a declaration to that effect in respect of the whole of India or of such part of the territory thereof as may be specified in the Proclamation Explanation. 

The basic structure doctrine was first articulated by Chief Justice Sarv Mittra Sikri in the landmark decision of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala .Previously, the Supreme Court had held that the power of parliament to amend the constitution was unfettered. 

The Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy collectively aim to secure economic justice in India.

Article 343(1) of the Indian Constitution states that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.

The Preamble to the Constitution of India declares that India is a secular country. The term secularism refers to the governmental practice of indifference towards religion. Secular politics attempt to prevent religious philosophies or bodies from influencing governmental policies. The philosophy that the Indian constitution upholds is a kind of secular humanism made relevant through a historical development of the ideology within the context of religious pluralism in India.

Article 82 mandates the readjustment of constituencies after each census. The Delimitation Commission is indeed a powerful body whose orders have the force of law and cannot be challenged in court.

Article 110 of the Indian Constitution defines a Money Bill, specifying the conditions under which a bill is classified as such.

The 22nd Amendment to the US Constitution limits a president to two elected terms. George W. Bush had already served two full terms by 2008.

The 22nd Amendment, ratified in 1951, established the two-term limit for the presidency. It was passed following the four-term presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution provides that the state shall endeavour to secure a uniform civil code for the citizen throughout the territory of India.