Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Contractile vacuoles take part in

  1. Storage of wastes

  2. Osmoregulation

  3. Excretion

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • A contractile vacuole is a sub-cellular organelle found in few protozoans.
  • It is a specialized vacuole which helps in regulating the quantity of water inside cell (osmoregulation- maintaining constant osmotic pressure of the fluids of an organism).
  • It is a part of the protective mechanism which prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and also prevents the rupturing of the cell created due to excessive internal pressure.
  • It also expels out the waste material (ammonia collected from the intercellular fluid) to the cell exterior.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Vacuoles are

  1. Cytoplasmic organelles

  2. Non-cytoplasmic organelles

  3. Non-cytoplasmic sacs

  4. Cytoplasmic sacs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Vacuoles are non-living and non-cytoplasmic cell inclusions present in the cytoplasm which contain inorganic and organic molecules.
  • They are present in the form of minute droplets in the cytoplasm of the cells (small vacuole filled with cell sap).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Non-cytoplasmic sacs'.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which one does not occur in cell vacuoles?

  1. Hydrolytic enzymes

  2. Latex

  3. Anthocyanins

  4. DNA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • A cell vacuole is a membrane-bound (tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • They contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down the macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids etc.).
  • Anthocyanin is stored in the vacuoles (flowers and fruits).
  • It does not possess its own DNA as the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • So, the correct answer is 'DNA'.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Number of sap vacuoles present in an animal cell is

  1. One and large

  2. Many and large

  3. Many and small

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Sap vacuoles are small sac-like structures present in the cell which is filled with fluid and serves as storage of materials (cell sap).
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • It stores food and variety of nutrients required by the cell to survive and also store waste products which protect the cell from getting contaminated.
So, the correct answer is 'Many and small'.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

These vacuoles store nutrients

  1. Sap

  2. Contractile

  3. Food

  4. Air
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A vacuole is a membrane-bound (tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • Sap vacuoles store food and variety of nutrients required by the cell to survive.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Sap'.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Liquid content of a vacuole is called

  1. Cell sap

  2. Matrix

  3. Nucleoid

  4. Core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A vacuole is a membrane-bound (tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • Cell sap refers to the fluid inside the vacuole of a plant cell which serves as storage of materials.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Cell sap'.
Multiple choice biology organisation of the organism membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which is wrong

  1. Both chloroplast and mitochondrion has an internal compartment or thylakoid space bounded by thylakoid membrane

  2. Both contain DNA

  3. Chloroplast is generally larger

  4. Both are covered by double membrane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Chloroplasts have thylakoids, but mitochondria do not. Mitochondria have cristae, which are folds of the inner membrane, not thylakoids.

Multiple choice biology organisation of the organism membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?

  1. They are engulfed by plastids and stored until export from cell is possible

  2. Defective parts accumulate until the cell itself dies

  3. They are exported by exocytosis

  4. Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The lysosomes may be called "suicide bags" of the cell in view of their autolytic role, or "disposal units" of the cell because they digest the incoming food materials and remove the foreign bodies, toxic molecules, and debris; or "recycling centres" as they break down warn out and defective cells and cell organelles to component molecules for building new organelles and cells.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which of the following cellular structure contain pigments ?

  1. ER, Golgibody, Chloroplast

  2. Vacuole, Chromoplast, Chloroplast

  3. Chloroplast, Chromoplast, Leucoplast

  4. Chloroplast, Nucleus, Mitochondria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chromoplast and chloroplast are types of plastics containing pigments while leucoplasts do not contain pigments. That is why leucoplasts are colourless. Also, many pigments (e.g., anthocyanins) are localized in the vacuoles of epidermal cells from flowers, leaves, and stems.


So, the correct option is 'Vacuole, Chromoplast, Chloroplast'.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Cell vacuole contains

  1. Water

  2. Metabolic gases

  3. Water and dissolved substances

  4. Cytoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • A vacuole is a membrane-bound 9tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • It stores food and variety of nutrients required by the cell to survive and also store waste products which protect the cell from getting contaminated.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Water and dissolved substances'.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Cell sap is a

  1. Non-living fluid component of cytoplasm

  2. Living fluid component of cytoplasm

  3. Non-living fluid component of vacuole

  4. Living fluid component of vacuole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A large central vacuole of a plant cell that stores water with inorganic and organic substance like sugar, salts and some pigments are the non-living fluid. It provides turgidity and osmolarity to the cell.