Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which out of the following is not a function of vacuole?

  1. Storage

  2. Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell

  3. Waste excretion

  4. Locomotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The vacuole is the membrane bound cell organelle and has the main function of osmoregulation. It also stores fluid and solid and hence, maintains rigidity of cell. In some organism vacuole involves in the excretion of wastes. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

'Storage sac of the cell' is ___________________

  1. Ribosome

  2. Chloroplast

  3. Vacuole

  4. Golgi body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are the membrane-bound organelle filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including. In-plant cells, it is large and centrally located whereas, in animal cells, it is either small or absent. It is also called as storage sac as it stores water, food and waste materials.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Name the part of the cell that stores vital substances.

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Vacuoles

  3. Plastid

  4. Golgi apparatus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mitochondria produces the energy currency, i.e., ATPs of the cell. Mitochondria take nutrients and convert them into energy molecules. This process is known as 'oxidative phosphorylation'. 
Plastids are present in plant cells, which synthesize and store important chemical compounds used by the cell. 
Golgi apparatus has the main function of modifying, sorting and packaging the proteins, which are synthesized by cells. Golgi bodies are also involved in the transport of lipid molecules across the cell. 

Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in animal and plant cells but bigger in plant cells. These are used for storage of food, water and many other vital substances. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Tonoplast, the membrane of vacuole is a

  1. Living membrane

  2. Non-living membrane

  3. Impermeable

  4. Permeable and rigid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tonoplast or vacuolar membrane is the living membrane of the vacuole. It separates the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm. It helps the vacuole in maintaining the osmoregularity inside the cell.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

The vacuoles of plant cells

  1. Are filled with concentrated sugar and salt solution

  2. Are filled with dilute sugar and salt solution

  3. Are filled with cell sap

  4. Contain DNA, RNA and ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are the membrane-bound organelle mostly found in the plant cell. It is the centrally located large storage bubble in the plant cells and filled with cell sap. They provide osmotic pressure and turgidity to the plant cell. 

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

A cell adapted for waste storage and disposal would probably contain a large number of

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Endoplasmic reticulum

  4. Nuclei
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In a plant cell, the vacuoles are large and centrally placed organelle. Vacuoles typically contain salts, sugars and sometimes proteins and have a variety of secretory, excretory and storage functions. The vacuole may also be involved in the breakdown of old organelles or macromolecules and then recycling the products back to the rest of the cell. Thus, they are in large number in a cell adapted for waste storage and disposal.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Cell sap is a____________

  1. Living content of the cell

  2. Non-living content of the vacuole

  3. Non-living content of the protoplasm

  4. Living content of the cytoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The cell sap is a non-living content of the vacuole. Cell sap is the fluid manufactured by the cytoplasm of the living plant cell.
  •  Cell sap consists of water and various substances that are often in the form of a colloidal suspension. 
  • On average, cell sap has twice the viscosity of water. 
  • The cell sap contributes to the osmotic properties and turgor of the cell, and consequently, to the elasticity of plant tissues and organs. 

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

The membrane-bound, sac like structures which store food, wastes and water are called as

  1. Lysosomes

  2. Centrosomes

  3. Chromosomes

  4. Vacuoles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Vacuoles are the membrane-bound organelle. It is the storage bubbles found mostly in plant cells. They occupy most of the portion of plant cells. These are used for storage of food, water, amino acids, sugars, organic acids and some proteins. They also store toxic metabolic by-products or end products of plant cells.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

In a plant cell, metabolic wastes, pigments and mineral ions are generally seen in 

  1. Golgi complex

  2. Endoplasmic reticulum

  3. Vacuole

  4. Lysosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The vacuole is a membrane-enclosed fluid-filled sac found in plant cells that occupies a major part of the cell volume. It gives rigidity to the cell and hence to the plant by using water to develop a pressure called hydrostatic pressure. It stores nutrient and non-nutrients such as pigments and mineral ions. It also stores the cellular metabolic waste. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Which part of the cell stores nutrients?

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Vacuole

  3. Ribosome

  4. Oxysome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuole is the characteristic feature of plant cell while absent in animal cell. The liquid substance present in the vacuole is called cell sap. The cell sap is mainly composed of water, sugar, salt, pigment- anthocyanin. Vacuole functions as store house for secretory and excretory substances. Thus option B is the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany cell structure and organization membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Cell sap occurs in organelle

  1. Nucleolus

  2. Vacuole

  3. Endoplasmic reticulum

  4. Golgi bodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cell sap (fluid inside the vacuole of a plant cell which serves as storage of materials) occurs in the vacuole.
  • A vacuole is a membrane-bound (tonoplast) organelle present in cells.
  • It forms an enclosed compartment within the cell which are filled with water, dissolved inorganic and organic molecules (enzymes)
  • It stores food and variety of nutrients required by the cell to survive and also store waste products which protect the cell from getting contaminated.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Vacuole'.