Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Find the incorrect pair.

  1. Mitochondria - Kitchen of cell

  2. Lysosomes - Hydrolytic enzymes

  3. Vacuole - Cell sap

  4. Nucleus - Brain of the cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mitochondria is called as "power house of the cell". But kitchen of the cell is chloroplast, which is present only in plant cells. Chloroplast is referred as 'Kitchen of the cell' because in it, the food is being synthesized with the help of carbondioxide, sunlight and water.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

(A) Present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
(B) Composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins above stements are true for:-

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Chloroplast

  3. Mesosome

  4. Ribosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The ribosome is found in both prokaryotes (70s) and eukaryote (80s). The ribosome is a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in the cell.

Correct option is D, Ribosome.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Select the correct match

  1. 70 S ribosomes-bacterial mesosome

  2. Cytoskeleton-lipoprotein

  3. Kinetochore-centromere

  4. Lysosomes- catalase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The 70S ribosome is found in prokaryotic organisms and mesosome are invaginations of cell membrane so they do not contain any ribosome.

The cytoskeleton of the cell is solely made of proteins that are actins and never of lipoproteins.
The kinetochore is a disc-shaped structure on the primary constriction of every chromosome called as Centromere.
The lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicular structures rich in Hydrolases enzymes but never in catalase enzyme. The enzyme catalase is found in abundance inside peroxisomes.
So, the correct answer to the question is 'Kinetochore-centromere'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The cells having well organised nucleus that undergoes mitosis are called as______________

  1. Eukaryotic

  2. Prokaryotic

  3. Mesokaryotic

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes are the organism that does not possess a well-defined nucleus. Nucleoid is a region in the prokaryotic cell where its most of the genetic material resides. It is not a well-defined membrane-bound region. 
Eukaryotic cells possess a well-organized nucleus (like eukaryotes) but its nucleus divides through amitosis (like prokaryotes). Dinoflagellates cells are mesokaryotic cells.  
The nucleus is bound to double membrane in the eukaryotic cell in which most of the genetic material is present and undergoes mitotic division.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The complete organelles occur in

  1. Viruses

  2. Bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic cell

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotic cells are the cells which contain well developed, membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In addition, plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Any organism, whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Read the following statements about eukaryotic cells and choose the incorrect statements .
(i)They have locomotory and cytoskeletal structure.
(ii)Their genetic material is organized into chromosomes.
(iii)There is extensive compartmentalization of cytoplasm.
(iv)They posses an organised nucleus without a nuclear envelope.

  1. $iii\, and \,iv$
  2. $Only\,iv$
  3. $Only\,ii$
  4. $i\,and iv$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (iv) is incorrect because eukaryotic cells possess a well-defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope. Statements (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Arrange the following cell organelles in descending order based on their size.
P-Chloroplast, Q-Ribosome, R-Nucleus, S-Lysosome

  1. Q, S, P, R

  2. Q, S, R, P

  3. R, P, S, Q

  4. R, P, Q, S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
R- The size of the nucleus is about 1.7 x 10$^{-9}$ µm. 
P- The chloroplasts have the size of 3 µm. 
S- The size of the lysosomes is 0.1-1 µm. 
Q- The size of the ribosomes is about 0.02 µm. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which characteristics are shared by chromosomes and ribosomes of eukaryotic cell?

  1. <p>They consist of nucleic acid.</p>

  2. <p>They consist of protein.</p>

  3. <p>They are in the nucleus.</p>

  4. A and B

  5. A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The chromosomes are composed of DNA and histone proteins. The ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins. Both the structures contain the nucleic acid as well as proteins in them. The chromosomes are found in the nucleus but the ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm and on the surface of RER. 

Thus, the correct answer is option 'A and B'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Select the correct order of the relationship, from simplest to most complex.

  1. Cell - tissue - organ - organism

  2. Organism - organ - tissue - cell

  3. Cell - tissue - organism - organ

  4. Tissue - cell - organ - organism

  5. Tissue - organ - organism - cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cell is the structural unit of organisms, a group of cells with common origin and function constitute tissue and assemblage of tissues with related function constitute organ. An organism has different organs to perform several functions. So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Identify P, Q and R from the information given.

P- A colourless liquid-like jelly substance
Q- Maintains the shape of a cell
R- Contains genetic information
P Q R
(A) Nucleus Cell wall Cytoplasm
(B) Cell wall Cytoplasm Nucleus
(C) Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell wall
(D) Cytoplasm Cell wall Nucleus

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The label P refers to the cytoplasm which is the jelly-like matrix in the cell. This is colorless and composed majorly of water. 
The label Q is the cell wall which is responsible for maintaining the shape and integrity of the cell. 
The label R is the nucleus which acts as the controlling center of the cell. The genetic information in the form of DNA is present in the nucleus. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which cell organelles are present in both animal and plant cells?

  1. Cell wall, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts

  2. Cell membrane, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria

  3. Cell membrane, Chloroplast, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm

  4. Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell wall, Chromosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and contain well developed cellular organelles. 
  • The cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and mitochondria are the structures that are present in both the plant and the animal cells. 
  • The cell wall and chloroplast are present only in the plant cell. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Non-membranous organelle is

  1. Chloroplast

  2. Nucleolus

  3. Centriole

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. The chloroplast is a double-membrane bound organelle which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) and helps in photosynthesis.
B. The nucleolus is a small, dense and spherical structure (lacks membrane) present in the nucleus of the cell that is visible during the interphase of the cell division under the microscope.
C. Centrosomes are made up of 2 centrioles (lacks membrane) which are right angled to each other and is composed of a protein known as tubulin.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotes possess which of the following type of ribosomes?

  1. 60 S

  2. 70 S

  3. 80 S

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
  • It is made up of two subunits-
  • Large subunits- join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Small subunits- reads RNA.
  • In a eukaryotic cell, the ribosome present is an 80S type and the cellular organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) have 70S type 
  • It is made up of two subunits- a larger subunit 60S and a smaller subunit 40S.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Glyoxysomes occur in

  1. Leaf cells

  2. Fatty seeds

  3. Roots

  4. Meristematic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  • They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
  • They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
  • It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Fatty seeds'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Reshma observes both plant and animal. Which organelle can be expected to see in both the cell?

  1. Plastids

  2. Centrioles

  3. Mitochondria

  4. Central vacuole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells.
  • The common characteristics in plant and animal cells are They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. 
  • The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms i.e both plant and animals.
  • Hence mitochondria is common in plant and animal cells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria'.