Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

The spread of oncogenic cells in the body is known as

  1. new synthesis

  2. metastasis

  3. angiogenesis

  4. apoptosis

  5. biosynthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the original tumour and set up secondary tumours in other parts of the body.

Multiple choice

The plasma membrane proteins that cannot be easily extracted from the membrane are__________.

  1. integral proteins

  2. hopanoids

  3. phospholipids

  4. cholesterol

  5. peripheral proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

They are membrane proteins present in plasma membrane. About 70% to 80% of membrane proteins are integral proteins. These are not easily extracted from membrane. Integral proteins are amphipathic. Their hydrophobic regions are buried in the lipid while the hydrophilic portions project from the membrane surface.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a phospholipid of plasma membrane bilayer?

  1. Phosphatidylcholine

  2. Phosphatidylethanolamine

  3. Phosphatidylserine

  4. Sphingomyelin

  5. Collagen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Collagen is the major insoluble fibrous protein in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue. In fact, it is the single most abundant protein in the animal kingdom. Collagen, in the form of elongated fibrils, is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament, and skin and is also abundant in cornea, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, the gut, and intervertebral disc. The fibroblast is the most common cell, which creates collagen.

Multiple choice

The uptake of fluid or consequent formation of small vacuole is called_________.

  1. exocytosis

  2. phagocytosis

  3. exosmosis

  4. pinocytosis

  5. endosmosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Endocytosis is the process of uptake of fluid or particles through the cell membrane and consequent formation of vacuoles. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis, which is similar to phagocytosis, but the substances ingested are in fluid form. It is also called cell drinking. The vacuole formed in pinocytosis is called pinosomes. It is noticed in amoeba. It requires energy.

Multiple choice

What are the lipids, which constitute the largest percentage of the lipid weight of biological membranes?

  1. Glycoproteins

  2. Phosphatidate

  3. Sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids

  4. Cholesterol

  5. Steroids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The hydrocarbon tails of these two lipids result in steric limitations to their packing such that they will form disc-like micelles. The structure of these micelles results from the interaction of the hydrophobic tails of the lipids and the exposure of the polar head groups to the aqueous environment. Glycerophospholipids have a glycerol backbone. Phosphtidylinositol is an example for glycerophospholipids. Sphingolipids are derivatives of the lipid sphingosine. Cerebroside is an example for sphingolipids.

Multiple choice

Match the column – I (Structures of cells) with column – II (Relative functions) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I
Column – II
A. Cytoplasmic membrane 1. Mineral storage of cells
B. Ribosome 2. Protein synthesis
C. Inclusion body 3. Tough, heat resistant structure that helps bacteria survive in adverse conditions
D. Endospore 4. Regulation of substance transport into and out of cells

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

  2. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  3. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3

  4. A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

  5. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Correct matching is A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3.