Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. In plants, the growth by cell division occurs continuously throughout their life span. b. In animals, cell division occurs in certain tissues to replace lost cells. c. A multicellular organism grows by cell division, but a unicellular organism does not grow by cell division.

  1. Only a

  2. Both a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Both b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Both multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms grow by cell division.

Multiple choice

Nucleus and mitochondria are not found in

  1. WBCs of mammals

  2. Young immature mammalian erythocytes

  3. Mature mammalian erythrocytes

  4. RBCs of frog
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During the development of erythrocytes, mitochondria and nucleus are lost to give extra space for the storage of hemoglobin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding prokaryotic cell?

  1. Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size than eukaryotic cells.
  2. Site for oxidative phosphorylation is mitochondria.
  3. Ribosomal subunits are 60S and 40S.
  4. Golgi apparatus is absent.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1, 2 and 3

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 2, 3 and 4

  5. 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mitochondria are not found in prokaryotic cells. Site for oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells is cell membrane. Cytoplasmic ribosome size of prokaryotic cells is 70S. Ribosomal subunits are 50S and 30S.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are not TRUE regarding chloroplasts? P. Single membrane bounded organelles Q. Have their own genetic material R. Electron transport and energy production of chloroplast is located the inner membrane S. Synthesize their own fatty acids, amino acids, and lipid components

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. R and S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chloroplasts are double membrane bounded organelles. Unlike the mitochondria, the electron transport and energy production of chloroplast is located in the thylakoids instead of the inner membrane.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Endoplasmic reticulum functions as a system for transporting materials from one part of the cell to another. Reason (R): It is a system of membrane-enclosed channels which extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell and interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope.

In the following question there are two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R), consider both the statements independently and mark your answers as under:
1. If A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
2. If A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A.
3. If A is correct and R is incorrect.
4. If A is incorrect and R is correct.
5. If A and R both are incorrect.

 

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4

  5. 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Endoplasmic reticulum a system of membrane-enclosed channels which extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell and interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. Endoplasmic reticulum has several functions. Such as:

  1. It divides the cytoplasm up into interconnected compartments.
  2. Serves as routes for the transport of materials from one part of the cell to another.
  3. Plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins and some lipids.
  4. Responsible for generating new layers for Golgi bodies.
  5. Expanded regions of the endoplasmic reticulum may serve as storage areas.
Multiple choice

Mesosomes are organelles of bacteria that appear as invagination of the plasma membrane. Functions of mesosomes include -

  1. Increase surface area of plasma membrane
  2. Respiration processes
  3. DNA replication and distribution
  4. Fatty acid synthesis
  5. Transport of materials from one part of the cell to another Select the correct answer.

  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 1, 2 and 4

  3. 2, 3 and 4

  4. 2, 3 and 5

  5. 3, 4 and 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mesosomes greatly increase the membrane surface of the cell. Mesosomes are site of localization of respiratory enzymes and play important role in aerobic cellular respiration. Mesosome plays an important role in DNA replication, distribution and cell division.

Multiple choice

Match the column – I (Organelle) with column – II (Function) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Chloroplasts 1. Digestion of excess or worn-out organelles
B. Golgi complex 2. Contain enzymes that split hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
C. Lysosomes 3. Organelles responsible for photosynthesis
D. Peroxisomes 4. Factory for packaging proteins

  1. A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1

  2. A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1

  3. A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2

  4. A - 4, B - 1, C - 3, D - 2

  5. A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis and function to generate metabolic energy. The Golgi complex is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Lysosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles and engulfed bacteria or viruses. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that split hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.