Biology

Cardiovascular and Nervous System

981 Questions

Review the human cardiovascular system through these competitive exam practice questions. Key areas include heart valves, cardiac impulse pathways, and blood pressure regulation. A solid grasp of these fundamentals is crucial for science sections.

Heart anatomy and valvesCardiac impulse conductionBlood pressure mechanicsHeartbeat regulation

Cardiovascular and Nervous System Questions

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

The heart rate is increased by

  1. An increase in the activity of the sympathetic nerves that supply the heart

  2. A decrease in the activity of the parasympathetic (vagus) system

  3. An increase in the level of adrenalin in the circulation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A special neural centre in the medulla oblangata can moderate the cardiac function through autonomic nervous system (ANS). Neural signals through the sympathetic nerves (part of ANS) can increase the rate of heart beat, the strength of ventricular contraction and thereby the cardiac output. On the other hand, parasympathetic neural signals (another component of ANS) decrease the rate of heart beat, speed of conduction of action potential and thereby the cardiac output. Adrenal medullary hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline) can also increase the cardiac output.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Heart rate is accelerated by

  1. Cranial nerves and acetylcholine

  2. Sympathetic nerves and acetycholine

  3. Cranial nerves and adrenalin

  4. Sympathetic nerves and epinephrine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Normal activities of the heart are regulated intrinsically, i.e., auto regulated by specialised muscles (nodal tissue), hence, the heart is called myogenic. A special neural centre in the medulla oblangata can moderate the cardiac function through autonomic nervous system (ANS). Neural signals through the sympathetic nerves (part of ANS) can increase the rate of heart beat, the strength of ventricular contraction and thereby the cardiac output. On the other hand, parasympathetic neural signals (another component of ANS) decrease the rate of heart beat, speed of conduction of action potential and thereby the cardiac output. Adrenal medullary hormones can also increase the cardiac output. Epinephrine / adrenaline increases the heart rate.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Which one of the following generates heart beat?

  1. Purkinje fibres

  2. Cardiac branch of vagus nerve

  3. SA node

  4. AV node
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sino-atrial node (SAN) generates the maximum number of action potentials per minute (70-75/min) and therefore, it sets the pace of the activities of the heart. Hence, it is called as the cardiac pacemaker.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

The sound of 'lubb' is produced during closure of

  1. Bicuspid valve

  2. Tricuspid valve

  3. Semilunar valves

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. 
In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds often described as a 'lubb' and a 'dubb' (or 'dupp'), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. 
These are the first heart sound and second heart sound, produced by the closing of the AV (atrio ventricular) valves and semilunar valves, respectively. 
Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Typical 'Iubb'-'dupp' sounds of the heart are due to

  1. Closing of bicuspid and tricuspid valves

  2. Closing of semilunar valves

  3. Blood under pressure through aorta

  4. Closure of bicuspid-tricuspid valves, followed by semilunar valves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

During each cardiac cycle two prominent sounds are produced, which can be easily heard through a stethoscope. The first heart sound (lubb) is associated with the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, whereas the second heart sound (dubb/dupp) is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves. 

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Impulse of heart beat originates from

  1. SA node

  2. AV node

  3. Vagus nerve

  4. Cardiac nerve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The sino-atrial node (SAN) can generate the maximum number of action potentials, i.e., 70-75 /min. It is responsible for initiating and maintaining the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart. Therefore, it is called as the natural cardiac pacemaker. 

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Identify the correct sequence of events in a cardiac cycle.

  1. Diastole, atrial systole, ventricular diastole, ventricular systole.

  2. Atrial systole, ventricular systole, atrial diastole, ventricular diastole.

  3. ventricular systole, ventricular diastole, diastole, atrial systole.

  4. Ventricular diastole,diastole, ventricular systole, atrial systole.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cardiac cycle starts with atrial systole. It represents the contraction of the myocardium of the left and right atria by which blood is forced into the ventricles. It progresses to ventricular systole, in which the ventricles contract and blood forced  into the aorta and pulmonary artery. After that atrial diastole occurs which means the relaxation of atria.The cardiac cycle ends with ventricular diastole in which ventricles are relaxing and also filling with blood in preparation of the next cycle.


Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

The heart of a healthy man beats normally per minute

  1. 85-90 times

  2. 80-90 times

  3. 70-80 times

  4. 60-70 times
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the human heart, the sino-atrial node (SAN) can generate 70-75 beats/min and is responsible for initiating and maintaining the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart. Therefore, it is called the pacemaker. Our heart normally beats 70-75 times in a minute (average 72 beats/min).

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

The cardiac impules that results into the heart beat is delayed at

  1. Internodal tract

  2. AV node

  3. Bundle of His

  4. Purkinje fibre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cardiac cycle is regulated by specialized areas in the heart wall, that forms the conduction system of the heart. Two of these areas are tissue mass, called as nodes; the third is a group of fibers, called as the atrio-ventricular bundle. 

The sinoatrial node, which is located in the upper wall of the right atrium and initiates the heartbeat, is called as the pacemaker. The second node, located in the interatrial septum at the bottom of the right atrium, is called as the atrio-ventricular node. 
The rhythmic sequence of contractions (sinus rhythm), is coordinated by the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. The sinoatrial node, often known as the cardiac pacemaker, is located in the upper wall of the right atrium and is responsible for the wave of electrical stimulation that initiates atrial contraction by creating an action potential. Once the wave reaches the AV node, situated in the lower right atrium, it is delayed there before being conducted through the bundles of His and back up the Purkinje fibers, leading to a contraction of the ventricles. The delay at the AV node allows enough time for all of the blood in the atria to fill their respective ventricles.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

In cardiac circulation, "dupp" sound is heard, when

  1. Mitral valves closes

  2. Mitral valves opens

  3. Semilunar valves closes

  4. Tricuspid valve closes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During each cardiac cycle two prominent sounds are produced, which can be easily heard through a stethoscope. The first heart sound ('lubb') is associated with the closure of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, whereas the second heart sound ('dubb'/'dupp') is associated with the closure of the semilunar valves. 

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Pressure exerted by blood against walls of an artery during ventricular expansion is 

  1. Systolic Pressure

  2. Ventricular Pressure

  3. Both A and B

  4. Cardiac output
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pressure exerted on the arterial wall during left ventricular contraction pushing blood into the aorta. This is called ventricular pressure or ventricular systole. During ventricular systole closing of atrioventricular valves produces the first heart sound lubb. Thus, the correct option is B.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Normal rate of heart beat in a human being is________.

  1. 32/minute

  2. 42/minute

  3. 52/minutes

  4. 72/minute
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The cardiac cycle refers to a complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat. The frequency of the cardiac cycle or the heart rate is expressed as heart beats per minute. Systole is the contraction of the cardiac muscles in response to an electrochemical stimulus to the heart's cells. It is a force that drives blood out of the heart. Diastole is the period when the heart refills with blood after systole (contraction). The normal rate of heart beat is 72/minute.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

The heart is an organ which beats

  1. Twenty hours in twenty four hours

  2. Ten hours in twenty four hours

  3. Continuously

  4. Eight hours in twenty four hours
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The heart beat continuously and pumps the blood by contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles.
Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a minute.The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute is termed as the cardiac output. 
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Normal heart rate of a healthy individual is 

  1. 20-40 beats/min

  2. 60-100 beats/min

  3. 200-600 beats/min

  4. 2-10 beats/min
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cardiac cycle refers to a complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat. The frequency of the cardiac cycle or the heart rate is expressed as heart beats per minute. Normal adult human heart rate ranges from 60-100 bpm. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and circulation in animals heart beat cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle

Heart beat is  initiated by

  1. Sinu-auricular node

  2. Atria-ventricular node

  3. Sodium ion

  4. Purkinje's fibres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The sino-atrial node (SAN) is a mass of nodal tissue found in the upper part of right auricle. It generates the nerve impulses which is responsible for starting the contraction of the heart. It controls the rhythm of the heart contraction. Hence, it is called as the natural pacemaker of the heart.