Botany and Plant Science

Porogamy is the most common type of fertilization in angiosperms, where the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle.

Cleistogamous flowers are bisexual flowers that never open, ensuring self-pollination. This is a reproductive assurance strategy. Homogamous means all flowers in inflorescence are same sex/age. Heterogamous means different types of flowers in inflorescence. Dichogamous refers to timing of sex organ maturity.

The liquid inside a green coconut is known as liquid endosperm, which contains free nuclear endosperm.

Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen from one flower to another on the same plant, meaning the genetic material is identical.

Salvia flowers exhibit a specialized lever mechanism where an insect entering the flower pushes a lever that deposits pollen onto its back.

Parthenocarpy is the specific term for the formation of fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruit.

Hydrophily is pollination by water. Vallisneria is a classic example of a submerged aquatic plant that uses water currents to transport pollen to the female flowers.

In Funaria, the paraphyses are sterile, multicellular filaments found among the sex organs. They are characterized by having a globose (rounded) terminal cell.

The stomium is a specialized region of the sporangial wall in ferns like Dryopteris, where the wall is thin and ruptures to release spores.

Funaria is monoecious, meaning both male (antheridia) and female (archegonia) sex organs are present on the same plant body. Specifically, it is autoicous.

Dawsonia is widely recognized as the tallest moss in the world, with some species reaching heights of up to 50-60 cm.

The gametophyte of a fern, known as the prothallus, is typically a small, green, heart-shaped structure that is independent and photosynthetic.

Archegonia in ferns secrete malic acid, which acts as a chemotactic agent to attract the male gametes (sperms) to the egg.

In the life cycle of a fern, the haploid spore germinates to form the prothallus, which is the gametophyte generation.

In pteridophytes, the sporophyte is diploid. Reductional division (meiosis) occurs within the sporangia during the formation of haploid spores.