Biology ยท Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Pollen grains in Angiosperms contain

  1. single prothallial cell

  2. two prothallial cells

  3. three prothallial cells

  4. no prothallial cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperm pollen grains are highly reduced and do not contain prothallial cells, which are characteristic of gymnosperms and pteridophytes.

Multiple choice

Which of the following have filiform apparatus?

  1. Anther walls

  2. Synergids

  3. Pollen grains

  4. Spores
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The filiform apparatus is a specialized structure found in the synergid cells of the embryo sac. It helps guide the pollen tube into the synergid.

Multiple choice

A pollen grain is best defined as

  1. partially developed embryo

  2. partially developed male gametophyte

  3. spore mother cell

  4. male sperm cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A pollen grain represents the immature male gametophyte in seed plants. It contains the vegetative and generative cells required for fertilization.

Multiple choice

A microspore mother cell forms

  1. an ovule

  2. embryo sacs

  3. pollen sac

  4. pollen grains
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A microspore mother cell (MMC) undergoes meiosis to produce a tetrad of microspores, which subsequently develop into pollen grains.

Multiple choice

At which stage is the pollen grain in angiosperms released?

  1. 1- celled

  2. 2-celled

  3. 3-celled

  4. 2 or 3-celled
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In the majority of angiosperms, pollen grains are released at the 2-celled stage (vegetative and generative cells), while in some species, they are released at the 3-celled stage.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a correct statement?

  1. Gametes are sometimes diploid

  2. Spores are triploid

  3. Spores and gametes are invariably haploid

  4. Gametes are polyploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the life cycle of plants, spores are produced by meiosis (haploid) and gametes are produced by mitosis from haploid gametophytes (haploid).

Multiple choice

In mulberry, the inflorescence is

  1. catkin

  2. capitulum

  3. raceme

  4. spadix
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In mulberry (Morus), the inflorescence is a catkin, which is a pendulous spike of unisexual flowers.

Multiple choice

The axis of inflorescence is called

  1. pedicel

  2. petiole

  3. peduncle

  4. thalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The peduncle is the stalk of an inflorescence, which serves as the axis bearing the flowers. Pedicels are the stalks of individual flowers, while the petiole is the stalk of a leaf.

Multiple choice

Perianth is formed

  1. when petals and stamens are not distinguishable

  2. when only calyx is present

  3. when calyx and corolla are not distinguishable

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Perianth is the term used when the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) are not distinct or are similar in appearance, often found in monocots like lilies.

Multiple choice

A complete flower is the one which has

  1. calyx and corolla

  2. calyx, corolla and androecium

  3. corolla, androecium and gynoecium

  4. calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A complete flower is defined by the presence of all four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. If any of these are missing, the flower is considered incomplete.

Multiple choice

Bulbs of garlic and onion have

  1. greatly developed root system

  2. no leaves

  3. no stem

  4. greatly reduced stems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bulbs like onion and garlic are modified shoots where the stem is highly reduced to a disc-like structure. The fleshy leaves attached to this reduced stem store food.

Multiple choice

Velamen, a spongy tissue, is present in

  1. breathing roots

  2. parasitic roots

  3. tuberous roots

  4. epiphytic roots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Velamen is a specialized hygroscopic tissue found in the aerial roots of epiphytes, such as orchids, which helps them absorb moisture from the atmosphere.

Multiple choice

A flower is a modified

  1. leaf

  2. root

  3. shoot

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A flower is considered a modified shoot because it consists of a condensed axis (thalamus) bearing floral appendages (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels) which are homologous to leaves.