Botany and Plant Science

Coumarin is a natural seed inhibitor found in tomatoes.

At the tip of the filament there is a bag like structure called the anther which contains thousands of pollen grains .The anther when ripe bursts open and releases all the pollen into the air or they settle on top of the stamen.

The pollen tube arises from the tube nucleus inside the pollen grain and grows through the tissue of the style and ovary. It has two male nuclei. Eventually, the pollen tube reaches the ovule, permitting the sperm nuclei to reach the ovule and fertilize the egg cells.

Calyx is one of the main parts of a flower. It is the first whorl. It is made up of sepals and is green in color. Its function is to protect the flower during the bud stage.

The pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. It occurs in bisexual flowers.

This is another important part of a flower .This is the second whorl. It is made up of 4,5 or 6 or more  petals . They are colorful,sweet smelling with nectar to attract insects and birds for pollination.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a common chemical agent used in plant tissue culture to induce the fusion of protoplasts.

Emasculation is a technique used in plant breeding to prevent self-pollination. It involves the removal of the anthers from a bisexual flower before they shed pollen.

In angiosperms, the pollen grain produces two male gametes. One fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote, and the other fuses with the central cell to form the endosperm.

Nastic movements are non-directional responses to stimuli, such as the opening and closing of flowers in response to light or temperature changes. Unlike tropic movements, they do not depend on the direction of the stimulus.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, a process characteristic of seed-bearing plants, specifically Angiosperms and Gymnosperms.

Yucca plants have a highly specific, obligate mutualistic relationship with the Pronuba moth, which is the only agent that pollinates the Yucca flower.

Geitonogamy is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant. Genetically, it is self-pollination (same genotype), but ecologically, it is cross-pollination (requires a pollinating agent).

Entomophilous flowers are adapted to attract insects, so they are typically brightly coloured and scented to act as signals for pollinators.

Herkogamy (physical barriers), Dichogamy (temporal separation of sex organs), and Self-sterility (genetic incompatibility) are all mechanisms that prevent self-pollination.