Botany and Plant Science

It is the meristem, that occurs laterally, parallel to the long axis, of plant body. Cambium strips formed in the vascular bundles, and in the cortex, are common examples of lateral meristem. It is responsible for an increase in the girth (circumference) of the plant body, as it brings about the formation, of secondary permanent tissues.

  Ovules are naked in gymnosperms because they are not enclosed in ovary .The ovules are naked, pollen grains can enter the ovules through an opening (micropyle) on the integument. Each pollen grain germinates inside the ovule into a pollen tube, which delivers and releases two male nuclei or two flagellate sperms.

In botany, fronds are the large, divided leaves characteristic of ferns.

Cycas plants possess specialized coralloid roots that harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

These are special sclerenchymatous cells, found in the cortex, pith, phloem, hard seeds, nuts and stony fruit. The flesh of the pear and guava are sometimes gritty, due to the presence of selereids. These cells are very thick walled, hard and strongly lignified. They are isodiametric, polyhedral, slightly elongated or irregular in shape.

These are special sclerenchymatous cells, found in the cortex, pith, phloem, hard seeds, nuts and stony fruit. The flesh of the pear and guava are sometimes gritty, due to the presence of selereids. These cells are very thick walled, hard and strongly lignified. They are isodiametric, polyhedral, slightly elongated or irregular in shape

Sclereids are special sclerenchymatous cells found in the cortex, pith, phloem, hard seeds, nuts and stony fruit. Sclerenchymatous cells are long, narrow, thick and lignified, usually pointed at both ends. The cell wall is evenly thickened with lignin and sometimes is so thick, that the cell cavity or lumen is absent. Nucleus is absent, and hence the tissue is made up of dead cells.

The cells are long, narrow, thick and lignified, usually pointed at both ends. The cell wall is evenly thickened with lignin and sometimes is so thick, that the cell cavity or lumen is absent. Nucleus is absent and hence the tissue is made up of dead cells. They have simple often, oblique pits in the walls. The middle lamella i.e. the wall between adjacent cells is conspicuous. It is found abundantly in stems of plants like, hemp, jute and coconut, their length varying from 1 mm to 550 mm.

The cells are long, narrow, thick and lignified, usually pointed at both ends. The cell wall is evenly thickened with lignin and sometimes is so thick that the cell cavity or lumen is absent. Nucleus is absent and hence the tissue is made up of dead cells. They have simple often, oblique pits in the walls. The middle lamella i.e. the wall between adjacent cells is conspicuous. It is found abundantly in stems of plants like, hemp, jute and coconut, their length varying from 1 mm to 550 mm.

The cells are long, narrow, thick and lignified, usually pointed at both ends. The cell wall is evenly thickened with lignin and sometimes is so thick that the cell cavity or lumen is absent. Nucleus is absent and hence the tissue is made up of dead cells. They have simple often, oblique pits in the walls. The middle lamella i.e. the wall between adjacent cells is conspicuous. It is found abundantly in stems of plants like, hemp, jute and coconut, their length varying from 1 mm to 550 mm.

Cells are isodiametric i.e. equally expanded on all sides. They may be oval, round, polygonal or elongated. Nucleus is present and hence living. The cell walls are thin and made of cellulose. Cytoplasm is dense with a single large vacuole. Intercellular spaces may be present. Parenchyma which contain chlorophyll are called chlorenchyma.

Cells are isodiametric i.e. equally expanded on all sides. They may be oval, round, polygonal or elongated. Nucleus is present and hence living. The cell walls are thin and made of cellulose. Cytoplasm is dense with a single large vacuole. Intercellular spaces may be present. It gives mechanical strength by maintaining turgidity.

The cells are long, narrow, thick and lignified, usually pointed at both ends. The cell wall is evenly thickened with lignin and sometimes is so thick, that the cell cavity or lumen is absent. Nucleus is absent and hence the tissue is made up of dead cells. They have simple often, oblique pits in the walls. The middle lamella i.e. the wall between adjacent cells, is conspicuous.

Cells are isodiametric i.e. equally expanded on all sides. They may be oval, round, polygonal or elongated. Nucleus is present and hence living. The cell walls are thin and made of cellulose. Cytoplasm is dense with a single large vacuole. Intercellular spaces may be present. It gives mechanical strength by maintaining turgidity.

The cells are elongated and are circular, oval or polygonal in cross-section. Cell wall is unevenly thickened with cellulose at the corners against the intercellular spaces. Nucleus is present ,and hence the tissue is living. Vacuoles are small. Intercellular spaces are generally absent. If they contain chlorophyll, they are known as chlorenchyma. It provides mechanical support to the stem. Being extensible, these cells readily adapt themselves, to the rapid elongation of the stem.