Botany and Plant Science

Pollen kit is a sticky, oily layer found on the surface of pollen grains in entomophilous (insect-pollinated) flowers. It helps the pollen adhere to the bodies of insects.

A typical mature female gametophyte (embryo sac) in angiosperms consists of 7 cells and 8 nuclei. These include the egg cell, two synergids, three antipodal cells, and one central cell with two polar nuclei.

Haploid callus is produced through anther or pollen culture because pollen grains are haploid. Culturing diploid tissues like leaves or embryos would result in diploid callus.

Grafting requires the vascular cambium to align and fuse between the stock and scion. Monocots lack a vascular cambium, making successful grafting impossible.

Herkogamy (physical barriers), dichogamy (different maturation times), and self-sterility (genetic incompatibility) are all mechanisms plants use to prevent self-pollination.

Vallisneria is a classic example of hydrophily, where pollination occurs via water. The male flowers are released into the water and float to the female flowers.

In angiosperms like Maize, the endosperm is formed by double fertilization and is triploid (3n). In gymnosperms like Pinus, the endosperm is a haploid (n) tissue formed before fertilization.

It is the meristem, that is present right from the embryonic stage, and continues to be active, throughout the life of a plant. It is responsible for primary growth, in the plant body. It gives rise, to the primary permanent tissues, of the plant body. Example: Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.

It is the meristem, that appears later in the life cycle, of a plant. It develops by a process, called dedifferentiation, in the permanent tissues. It is responsible, for secondary growth in the plant body. It gives rise to secondary permanent tissues, such as, secondary cortex and secondary xylem.

It is the meristem, that occurs laterally, parallel to the long axis, of plant body. Cambium strips, formed in the vascular bundles and in the cortex, are common examples of lateral meristem. It is responsible for an increase in the girth (circumference) of the plant body, as it brings about the formation of secondary permanent tissues. The lateral meristem, is an example of secondary meristem.

It is the meristem, present at the tip of the root and stem, commonly called as, root apex and shoot apex respectively. Such meristems, constitute the actively growing regions, in the plant body. Due to the activity of apical meristem, the plant body keeps increasing in it's length

It is the meristem, present at the tip of the root and stem, commonly called as root apex and shoot apex respectively. Such meristems, constitute the actively growing regions, in the plant body. Due to the activity of apical meristem, the plant body keeps increasing in it's length.

It is the meristem, that always differentiates into ground tissue components, such as, cortex, endodermis and pith.

It is the meristem, that is present right from the embryonic stage, and continues to be active, throughout the life of a plant. It is responsible for primary growth, in the plant body. It gives rise to the primary permanent tissues, of the plant body. Example: Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.