Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?

  1. Sporophylls are aggregated to form flowers.

  2. Microspores and megaspores are produced in the same or two different types of flowers.

  3. Xylem contains vessels and phloem contains companion cells.

  4. The ovules are not contained within an ovary.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true about the structure and function of plant tissues?

  1. Most of the tissues are supportive and dead.

  2. Most of the tissues are supportive and are uniformly distributed.

  3. Most of the tissues are live and uniformly distributed.

  4. Most of the tissues provide mechanical strength and are alive.

  5. Most of the tissues provide mechanical strength and are uniformly distributed.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It is the property of plant tissues that they provide support and mechanical strength to a plant and are dead in nature.

Multiple choice

Primary growth in plants is initiated by

  1. apical meristems

  2. lateral meristems

  3. cambium

  4. dermal tissue

  5. intercalary meristems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

They help in lengthwise growth of stem and roots and hence, contribute to the primary growth of stem and roots.

Multiple choice

Mature sclerenchyma cells are

  1. thin walled and often contain chloroplasts

  2. lignified and contain no living protoplast

  3. suberised and contain living protoplasts

  4. lignified and contain living protoplasts

  5. lignified and suberised
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cells of this tissue are dead and the walls are thickened due to the presence of lignin.

Multiple choice

Xylem consists of which of the following elements?

  1. Tracheids, sieve tubes, fibres and companion cells

  2. Tracheids, xylem fibres, companion cells and vessels

  3. Tracheids, xylem fibres, vessels and xylem parenchyma

  4. Tracheids, sieve tubes, fibres and parenchyma

  5. Tracheids, sieve tubes, phloem fibres and vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Xylem consists of tracheids, xylem fibres, vessels and xylem parenchyma as they help in transportation of water and minerals in the plant. Tracheids and vessels are tubular and help in vertical transportation, whereas parenchyma stores food and helps in sideways conduction of water.

Multiple choice

Which tissue makes the husk of coconut?

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Chlorenchyma

  5. Vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

They make the plant hard and stiff since the cells are dead and lignified. Hence, they form the husk of coconut.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are false? P. Male gametophyte of angiosperms is shed as four celled pollen grain. Q. Perisperm is disintegrated secondary nucleus. R. Microspores develop into male gametophytes. S. The embryo sac is the female gametophyte of angiosperms. Select the correct answer using codes given below:

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. P and S

  4. Q and R

  5. Q and S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In 60% of angiosperms, pollen grains are shed at this 2-celled stage. In others, the generative cell divides mitotically to form two male gametes before pollen grains are shed (3-celled stage). Microspores develop into male gametophytes and are usually smaller than megaspores.

Multiple choice

Match the Column – I (term) with Column – II (definition) and select the correct option.

 
Column – I
Column – II
A. Apospory 1. Development of sporophyte directly from gametophytic tissue without fusion of gametes
B. Apogamy 2. Development of embryo from egg without fertilisation
C. Parthenogenesis 3. Formation of gametophyte directly from sporophyte without meiosis and spore formation

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3

  2. A - 1, B - 3, C - 2

  3. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3

  4. A - 2, B - 3, C - 1

  5. A - 3, B - 1, C - 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Apospory is the formation of gametophyte directly from sporophyte without meiosis and spore formation. Apogamy is the development of sporophyte directly from gametophytic tissue without fusion of gametes. Parthenogenesis is the development of embryo from egg without fertilisation.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are false regarding gametophyte?

  1. A gametophyte is the diploid multicellular stage.
  2. It is produced from meiotic cell division of spores.
  3. The egg producing gametophyte is known as a megagametophyte. Select the correct answer using codes given below:

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. 3 only

  4. 1 and 2 only

  5. 2 and 3 only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A gametophyte is the haploid multicellular stage in the alteration of generations during the life cycle of land plants and algae. It is produced from mitotic cell division of spores, which are produced by meiosis in sporophytes.

Multiple choice

Adventive embryony is also known as ________________.

  1. non-recurrent apomixis

  2. recurrent apomixis

  3. gametophytic apomixis

  4. sporophytic apomixis

  5. vegetative apomixis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adventive embryony is also known as sporophytic apomixis, sporophytic budding or nucellar embryony.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false regarding the structure of ovule?

  1. The ovules are attached to the ovary wall placenta by a slender stalk known as hilum.
  2. The region at which the integument does not cover the nucellus leaving an apical pore is called micropyle.
  3. The anterior part of the ovule is called chalazal end and posterior part is called micropylar end. Select the correct answer using codes given below:

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. 3 only

  4. 1 and 2 only

  5. 1 and 3 only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The point on the body of the ovule at which the funiculus attached is known as hilum. The ovules are attached to the ovary wall placenta by a slender stalk called funiculus. The anterior part of the ovule is called micropylar end and posterior part is called chalazal end.

Multiple choice

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

  1. Orthotropous ovule: The micropyle, chalaza and funicle are in a straight line.

  2. Anatropous ovule: Ovules are half-inverted so that funiculus is attached near middle with micropyle terminal and at right angles.

  3. Campylotropous ovule: Ovules are bent or curved on one side so that micropyle is near medially attached funiculus.

  4. Amphitropous ovule: Ovule as well as embryo sac is curved like horse shoe.

  5. Circinotropous ovule: Ovules turn at more than 360 degrees angle, so funicle becomes coiled around the ovule.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Anatropous ovule: A completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk. Hemianatropous ovule: Ovules are half-inverted so that funiculus is attached near middle with micropyle terminal and at right angles.