Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Haploid nuclei that fuse during the process of fertilization in mammals are known as ___________.

  1. homunculi

  2. chiasmata

  3. centrioles

  4. nucleoli

  5. pronuclei
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

After the sperm reaches the ovum, it deposits its genetic load, the male pronucleus, into the cytoplasm of the egg. After finally completing the meiotic division that had begun years before, the female pronucleus fuses with the male pronucleus to create the diploid nucleus of the zygote.

Multiple choice

Assertion: The condition in which two or more embryos develop from a single fertilised egg is called polyembryony. Reason: Polyembryony is more common in gymnosperms than in angiosperms.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Polyembryony is the phenomenon of two or more embryos developing from a single fertilised egg. Polyembryony occurs regularly in many plants and animals. Polyembryony is more common in gymnosperms than in angiosperms.

Multiple choice

Which among the following statements is not true about mosses?

  1. They do not have proper roots.

  2. Moss gametophytes have stems which may be simple or branched.

  3. Mosses absorb water and nutrients through stem.

  4. Lichens may superficially look like mosses.

  5. Mosses are small flowerless plants.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. 

Multiple choice

A fern is a flowerless plant which has feathery or leafy fronds and reproduces by spores released from the undersides of the fronds. Which of the following statements regarding the life cycle of a typical fern is false?

  1. The fertilised egg grows by mitosis.

  2. A sperm is mobile and flagellate.

  3. The gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis.

  4. The gametophyte typically consists of a photosynthetic prothallus.

  5. A haploid sporophyte phase produces diploid spores.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

A diploid sporophyte phase produces haploid spores by meiosis (a process of cell division which reduces the number of chromosomes by a half).

Multiple choice

The hardwood of angiosperms and the softwood of conifers are distinguished on the basis of

  1. xylem parenchyma

  2. xylem fibres

  3. vascular cambium

  4. tracheids

  5. vessel element
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

A vessel element is one of the cell types found in xylem.Vessel elements are typically found in flowering plants (angiosperms) but absent from most gymnosperms such as conifers. Vessel elements are the main feature distinguishing the hardwood of angiosperms from the softwood of conifers.

Multiple choice

Which among the following statements regarding pollen production in angiosperms is incorrect?

  1. Pollen of angiosperms must be transported to the stigma of a compatible flower.

  2. Pollen is eventually released when the anther forms openings.

  3. Each microspore divides mitotically to form an immature microgametophyte.

  4. Each microsporangium contains haploid pollen mother cells.

  5. The microsporangia form sacs or pockets (locules) in the anther.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Each microsporangium is lined with a nutritive tissue layer called the tapetum and initially contains diploid pollen mother cells.

Multiple choice

A transverse section of any dicot root concedes the following details. Among these, the passage cells are characteristically found in

  1. vascular bundles

  2. endodermis

  3. pericycle

  4. cortex

  5. epiblema
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It is the innermost layer of cortex formed by compactly arranged barrel-shaped cells. Some of the cells in the endodermis are thin-walled and are known as passage cells. The passage cells allow water to pass into the xylem vessels.

Multiple choice

The cross-section of a typical monocot root shows the following structures. Which of the following is/are formed by a single layer of compactly arranged, barrel-shaped, parenchymatous cells?

  1. Cortex

  2. Vascular bundles

  3. Epiblema

  4. Pericycle

  5. Stele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Epiblema is the outermost covering of the root formed by single layer of compactly arranged, barrel-shaped, parenchyma cells. The cells are characteristically thin-walled since they are involved in absorption of water. A cuticle and stomata are absent. Some of the epiblema cells are produced into long unicellular projections called root hairs. Hence, the epiblema is also known as piliferous layer.

Multiple choice

A fruit results from maturation of one or more flowers. Which among the following statements does not characterise the fruit development in angiosperms?

  1. The zygote gives rise to the endosperm.

  2. Within the megagametophyte, both the sperm unites with the egg, forming a zygote.

  3. The pericarp is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers.

  4. After pollination, a tube grows from the pollen through the stigma into the ovary.

  5. After double fertilisation, the ovules become seeds.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Within the megagametophyte one of the two sperm unites with the egg, forming a zygote, and the second sperm enters the central cell forming the endosperm mother cell, which completes the double fertilization process.

Multiple choice

Which among the following statements regarding the alternation of generations in plants is incorrect?

  1. The gametophyte produces one or more gametangia.

  2. The single-celled haploid spore divides by meiosis and forms gametophyte.

  3. The sporophyte produces one or more sporangia.

  4. Zygote divides by mitosis and forms sporophyte.

  5. Two single-celled haploid gametes fuse to form a single-celled diploid zygote.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The single-celled haploid spore germinates, dividing by the normal process (mitosis), which maintains the number of chromosomes at n. The result is a multi-cellular haploid organism, called the gametophyte (because it produces gametes at maturity).

Multiple choice

In all the flowering plants, the parenchyma cells are involved in different functions. Which among the following parechyma cells is meant for storage of reserve food?

  1. Prosenchyma

  2. Conjunctive parenchyma

  3. Armed parenchyma

  4. Medullary parenchyma

  5. Arenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Medullary parenchyma is the parenchyma, which is found radially arranged in between the vascular bundles in the stem. It is meant for storage of reserve food.

Multiple choice

In fungi, the rostrate dehiscence is a semi-fissitunicate dehiscence by which the outer ascus ruptures at the tip and part of the endoascus extrudes into a beak-like projection called rostrum. It is most commonly observed in

  1. saccharomycetes

  2. pucciniomycetes

  3. orbiliomycetes

  4. geoglossaceae

  5. lecanoromycetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi.It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota.The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence.

Multiple choice

Which among the following statements regarding hornworts is incorrect?

  1. The plant body of a hornwort is a diploid gametophyte stage.

  2. Many hornworts develop internal mucilage-filled cavities when groups of cells break down.

  3. The horn-shaped sporophyte grows from an archegonium.

  4. The pseudo-elaters are multicellular.

  5. The spores are polar.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The plant body of a hornwort is a haploid gametophyte stage. This stage usually grows as a thin rosette or ribbon-like thallus between one and five centimeters in diameter.