Botany and Plant Science

A chasmogamous flower is usually smaller and requires less energy to reproduce. It is also structured to bring its reproductive organs into contact, making it more likely that fertilisation will be successful.

These are bone-like or columnar with swollen ends. For example: sub-epidermal covering of legume seeds.

Mesophyll is the ground tissue that occurs between the two epidermal layers. It is exclusively composed of chlorenchyma cells. The mesophyll is characteristically differentiated into two regions, namely an upper palisade parenchyma and a lower spongy parenchyma.

Phloem is a complex permanent tissue that helps in translocating the food prepared by the leaves in the form of sugars, to the entire plant body.

In monocots, the lower end of the radicle is covered by a sheath called coleorhiza.

The internode between corolla and androecium is called androphore.

The inflorescence found in ficus is hypanthodium.

When there is fusion of stemens with petals, they are described as epipetalous.

The arrangement of leaves in the bud condition is called prefoliation.

The axis of inflorescence is called peduncle.

When male and female flowers are borne on the same plant, the condition is described as monoecious.

In Polygonaceae family, stipules fuse to form a tube-like structure around the internode and are known as ochreate stipules.

Bulk of strawberry fruit develops from receptacle.

A carpel develops into fruit.

The growth of buds in conifers is excurrent.