Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

The entry of pollen tube into the ovule through micropyle is called

  1. porogamy

  2. mesogamy

  3. anisogamy

  4. chalazogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Porogamy is the entry of pollen tube through the micropyle, the most common type of pollen tube entry in flowering plants. Mesogamy is through the integuments, chalazogamy is through the chalaza, and anisogamy refers to gametes of different sizes.

Multiple choice

Bicarpellary, syncarpous ovary with axile placentation is seen in

  1. solanaceae

  2. caesalpinaceae

  3. asteraceae

  4. malvaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Solanaceae family (e.g., tomato, brinjal, Datura) typically shows bicarpellary syncarpous ovary with axile placentation - where ovules are attached to a central column in a multilocular ovary. Malvaceae has axile placentation but often syncarpous with more carpels; Asteraceae usually shows basal placentation.

Multiple choice

Type of pollination in Commelina is

  1. chasmogamy

  2. geitonogamy

  3. xenogamy

  4. ceistogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cleistogamy is seen in underground flowers of Commelina bengalensis which are small and inconspicuous. This plant also bears chasmogamous blue flowers above.

Multiple choice

Kranz anatomy is a morphological diversity in the leaves of

  1. C3-plants

  2. C4-plants

  3. C3 and C4-plants

  4. CAM plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Kranz anatomy—It is a typical structure in the leaves of plants that have a C4-pathway of CO2 fixation. The leaves contain a ring of mesophyll cells, containing a few chloroplasts surroundings a sheath of bundle sheath cells having large chloroplasts involved in the Calvin cycle.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?

  1. Sporophylls are aggregated to form flowers.

  2. Microspores and megaspores are produced in the same or two different types of flowers.

  3. Xylem contains vessels and phloem contains companion cells.

  4. The ovules are not contained within an ovary.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true about the structure and function of plant tissues?

  1. Most of the tissues are supportive and dead.

  2. Most of the tissues are supportive and are uniformly distributed.

  3. Most of the tissues are live and uniformly distributed.

  4. Most of the tissues provide mechanical strength and are alive.

  5. Most of the tissues provide mechanical strength and are uniformly distributed.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It is the property of plant tissues that they provide support and mechanical strength to a plant and are dead in nature.

Multiple choice

Primary growth in plants is initiated by

  1. apical meristems

  2. lateral meristems

  3. cambium

  4. dermal tissue

  5. intercalary meristems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

They help in lengthwise growth of stem and roots and hence, contribute to the primary growth of stem and roots.

Multiple choice

Mature sclerenchyma cells are

  1. thin walled and often contain chloroplasts

  2. lignified and contain no living protoplast

  3. suberised and contain living protoplasts

  4. lignified and contain living protoplasts

  5. lignified and suberised
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cells of this tissue are dead and the walls are thickened due to the presence of lignin.

Multiple choice

Xylem consists of which of the following elements?

  1. Tracheids, sieve tubes, fibres and companion cells

  2. Tracheids, xylem fibres, companion cells and vessels

  3. Tracheids, xylem fibres, vessels and xylem parenchyma

  4. Tracheids, sieve tubes, fibres and parenchyma

  5. Tracheids, sieve tubes, phloem fibres and vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Xylem consists of tracheids, xylem fibres, vessels and xylem parenchyma as they help in transportation of water and minerals in the plant. Tracheids and vessels are tubular and help in vertical transportation, whereas parenchyma stores food and helps in sideways conduction of water.

Multiple choice

Which tissue makes the husk of coconut?

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Chlorenchyma

  5. Vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

They make the plant hard and stiff since the cells are dead and lignified. Hence, they form the husk of coconut.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are false? P. Male gametophyte of angiosperms is shed as four celled pollen grain. Q. Perisperm is disintegrated secondary nucleus. R. Microspores develop into male gametophytes. S. The embryo sac is the female gametophyte of angiosperms. Select the correct answer using codes given below:

  1. P and Q

  2. P and R

  3. P and S

  4. Q and R

  5. Q and S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In 60% of angiosperms, pollen grains are shed at this 2-celled stage. In others, the generative cell divides mitotically to form two male gametes before pollen grains are shed (3-celled stage). Microspores develop into male gametophytes and are usually smaller than megaspores.