Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements does not characterise the alternation of generations in plants?

  1. Two single-celled haploid gametes fuse to form a single-celled diploid zygote.

  2. Zygote divides by mitosis and forms sporophyte.

  3. The sporophyte produces one or more sporangia.

  4. The single-celled haploid spore divides by meiosis and forms gametophyte.

  5. The gametophyte produces one or more gametangia.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The single-celled haploid spore germinates, dividing by the normal process (mitosis), which maintains the number of chromosomes at n.

Multiple choice

Which of the following gives rise to wood in plants?

  1. Phloem parenchyma

  2. Vascular cambium

  3. Phloem fibres

  4. Companion cells

  5. Sieve cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem. This is a process that may continue throughout the life of the plant. This gives rise to wood in plants.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements does not characterise the fruit development in angiosperms?

  1. The zygote gives rise to the endosperm.

  2. The pericarp is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers.

  3. After pollination, a tube grows from the pollen through the stigma into the ovary.

  4. After double fertilisation, the ovules become seeds.

  5. Within the megagametophyte, both the sperms unite with the egg to form a zygote.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Within the megagametophyte, one of the two sperms unites with the egg to form a zygote.

Multiple choice

The stems of seed plants follow

  1. polyarch

  2. centrarch

  3. exarch

  4. endarch

  5. mesarch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The stems of seed plants typically have endarch development.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is false regarding the pollen production in angiosperms?

  1. The microsporangia form sacs or pockets (locules) in the anther.

  2. Each microsporangium contains haploid pollen mother cells.

  3. Each microspore divides mitotically to form an immature microgametophyte.

  4. The pollen is eventually released when the anther forms openings.

  5. The pollen of angiosperms must be transported to the stigma of a compatible flower.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Each microsporangium is lined with a nutritive tissue layer called the tapetum and initially contains diploid pollen mother cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

  1. The dust-like seeds of orchids contain numerous endosperm.

  2. Endosperm is the evolutionary remnant of the actual gametophyte.

  3. About 70% of angiosperm species have endosperm cells that are polyploid.

  4. Ancestral flowering plants have seeds that have small embryos and abundant endosperm.

  5. Wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The dust-like seeds of orchids have no endosperm.

Multiple choice

Which is the national flower of India?

  1. Rose

  2. Lotus

  3. Lily

  4. Sunflower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is officially designated as the national flower of India. It holds cultural and spiritual significance in Indian tradition, representing purity and rebirth, and is frequently depicted in ancient Indian art and mentioned in religious texts.

Multiple choice

Largest flower in the world is

  1. Cuscula

  2. Nelumbo

  3. Rafflesia

  4. Deosera
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest individual flower in the world, growing up to 1 meter in diameter and weighing up to 11 kilograms. It is a parasitic plant found in Southeast Asian rainforests, particularly in Indonesia. The other options listed are not correct names for the world's largest flower.

Multiple choice

The jute fibres are

  1. phloem

  2. xylem

  3. cambium

  4. epidermal hair
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Jute fibers are natural fibers obtained from the phloem (inner bark) of the jute plant. The phloem tissue conducts nutrients and provides structural support, making it the source of bast fibers like jute. Xylem transports water and minerals, cambium is a meristem, and epidermal hair is a surface structure.

Multiple choice

Amitosis usually occurs in:

  1. prokaryotic cells

  2. eukaryotic cells

  3. spore mother cells

  4. meristems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amitosis is a direct cell division without spindle formation or chromosome segregation, commonly observed in prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis or meiosis with proper chromosome segregation. Amitosis is primitive and can result in unequal distribution.