Biology · Computer Knowledge

Medical and Biomedical Technology

1,872 Questions

Biomedical technology involves the application of engineering principles to medicine and biology. This hub covers medical robotics, tissue engineering, and cellular reprogramming. These concepts are essential for various competitive exams assessing general science and biology.

Medical roboticsTissue engineeringTranslational researchStem cell applicationsDrug delivery systems

Medical and Biomedical Technology Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a web-based resource and database of genomic variation data from analysis of patient DNA?

  1. OMIM

  2. DECIPHER

  3. ModBase

  4. Virtual karyotype

  5. UCSC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

DECIPHER is a web-based resource and database of genomic variation data from analysis of patient DNA. It documents submicroscopic chromosome abnormalities (microdeletions and duplications) and pathogenic sequence variants (single nucleotide variants - SNVs, Insertions, Deletions, InDels), from over 25000 patients and maps them to the human genome using Ensembl or UCSC Genome Browser.

Multiple choice

The database contains a classification and associated information about enzymes involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of carbohydrates is ..........................

  1. Ensembl

  2. HPRD

  3. UniProt

  4. CAZy

  5. GSS
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

CAZy is a database of Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZymes). The database contains a classification and associated information about enzymes involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of carbohydrates.

Multiple choice biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Kohler and Milstein developed the Hybridoma technology for the production of

  1. Myelomas

  2. Steroid conversion

  3. Monoclonal antibodies

  4. Immobilised enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kohler and Milstein created hybridomas by fusing malignant myeloma cells with antibody-producing B cells. The myeloma cells have the ability to replicate indefinitely and are clonogenic they will form clones when grown in vitro while the antibody producing b-cells will release the specific antibody. So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Which of the following can be classified as recognition transduction component of a biosensor?

  1. Amplifiers

  2. Bioreceptors

  3. Transducer

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. A biosensor typically consists of a biorecognition component, biotransducer component, and electronic system which include a signal amplifier, processor, and display. The transducer transforms the signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal that can be more easily measured and quantified.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Tissues are used as a biosensor because

  1. Available at low prices

  2. Easier to immobilise

  3. Cofactors for the enzyme to function are already present

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Tissues are used as a biosensor because of following advantages:
  • They are easier to immobilize.
  • They maintain high stability hence not degraded by various enzymes.
  • They are available at low prices.
  • Process of extraction, centrifuge and purification of enzymes can be avoided.
  • They are necessary co-factors.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Arrange the following parts of a biosensor in chronological order.

  1. A) Bioreceptors, Transducer, Amplifier, Microelectronics

  2. B) Bioreceptors, Amplifier, Microelectronics, Transducer

  3. C) Transducer, Bioreceptors, Amplifier, Microelectronics

  4. D) Bioreceptors, Amplifier, Microelectronics, Transducer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A biosensor typically consists of a biorecognition component, biotransducer component, and electronic system which include a signal amplifier, processor, and display. The bioreceptor is designed to interact with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect measurable by the transducer. High selectivity for the analyte among a matrix of other chemical or biological components is a key requirement of the bioreceptor and it uses biomolecules from organisms or receptors modelled after biological systems to interact with the analyte of interest. This interaction is measured by the biotransducer which outputs a measurable signal proportional to the presence of the target analyte in the sample.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

The biological content which acts as a sensor in biosensor can be __________.

  1. Nucleic acid

  2. Plant proteins

  3. Lectins

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The biological component of biosensor can be divided into two distinct groups, i.e., catalytic and non-catalytic.
  •  The catalytic group includes enzymes, microorganisms and tissues, while the non-catalytic consists of antibodies, receptors, nucleic acids and some proteins such as lectins etc. 
  • The recognition process is based on the principle of complementary base  pairing adenine:thymine and cytosine:guanine in DNA. 
  • If the target nucleic acid sequence is known,complementary sequences can be synthesized, labelled, and then immobilized on the sensor.
  • The most important applications of lectin-based biosensors are in the field of medicine and therapeutics. 
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Why are enzymes considered as a good bioreceptors for biosensors?

  1. They have specific binding capabilities

  2. They have good catalytic power

  3. They can detect analytes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bioreceptor interacts with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect which is measured by the transducer. The main reasons for the common use of enzymes in biosensors are:

  • Ability to catalyze a large number of reactions;
  • Potential to detect a group of analytes such as substrates, products, inhibitors, and modulators of the catalytic activity and
  • Suitability with several different transduction methods for detecting the analyte
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

The common type of bioreceptor interaction involves _____________.

  1. Antigen-antibody

  2. Enzyme-ligand

  3. Nucleic acid- DNA

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biosensors rely on specific biological interactions to detect analytes. Antigen-antibody, enzyme-ligand, and nucleic acid interactions are all standard mechanisms used in various types of biosensors.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Which of the enzyme can be used in electrochemical biosensors?

  1. Ligase

  2. Endonuclease

  3. Dehydrogenase

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Electrochemical biosensors are those biosensors that are mostly based on enzymes and catalyses the reaction that produces or consumes electrons. The reactions are redox types and the enzymes that catalyze these oxidations are called dehydrogenases.

So, the correct answer is option C.