Medical and Biomedical Technology

• The size and surface characteristics of nanoparticles can be easily
  manipulated. This could be used for both passive and active drug targeting
• Nanoparticles can be made to control and sustain release of the drug during the transportation as well as the location of the release.
  Since distribution and subsequent clearance of the drug from the body
  can be altered, an increase in drug therapeutic efficacy and reduction in side effects can be achieved.
• Choosing an appropriate matrix also helps in increasing the efficacy and reducing side effects
• Targeted drugs may be developed
• Various routes of administration including oral, nasal, injection, intra-ocular (within the eyes) etc. can be used.
• Hence option D is correct.

All of the given statements are true.
The surface of a quantum dot can be chemically modified by attaching an organic molecule. A modified quantum dot targets and forms a chemical bond with a specific biomolecule such as DNA or protein.
The modified quantum dots are thousand times smaller than the human cells. They can easily penetrate cell membranes.
When modified quantum dots bound to a bio-molecule are irradiated with UV light they emit light of a particular wavelength dependent on size of quantum dots. 
If a mixture of quantum dots of different size and different surface modifications are irradiated with a single light source, the detection tracking and having coloured images of a number of different biomolecules within a cell is possible.

In future nanomaterials can be used to detect human cancer at its earliest and most curable stages. Currently, the application of various nanoparticles (including quantum dots) for cancer detection and treatment is under study.

As a result of their good physical and chemical properties such as the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively and good electrical and thermal conductor, carbon nano tubes have potential use in a variety of industrial and biomedical applications including: Catalysis, Biosensor, Drug carriers composite materials with improved mechanical and electrical properties. Hence option D is correct

Autograft is a surgical transplantation of any tissue from one part of the body to another in the same individual. It is used in several kinds of plastic surgery, most commonly to replace skin lost in severe burns in which the open wound is usually covered with autograft.

Fetal tissue grafts have been researched for treating neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson's disease, where the goal is to replace lost dopamine-producing neurons. The other listed conditions are not typically treated with fetal tissue grafts.

• The ability of the multicellular organism to repair certain damaged cells present in the Damaged parts and organs is called Reparative regeneration.
• Reparative regeneration is observed in both invertebrates and vertebrates.
• Hence Damaged parts and organs can be repaired by Reparative regeneration.
• So, the correct answer is 'Reparative regeneration'.

Plastics in health care industry are used in packaging of medicines;plastic threads are used for stitching wounds. Also syringes, gloves and many kind of medical instruments are made up of plastic.

Electroporation is a technique used to introduce foreign DNA into cells by applying a high-voltage electrical pulse to create temporary pores in the cell membrane. It is a standard method in plant and animal tissue culture for transformation.

Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.

Medical technology focuses on the development of tools, devices, and procedures to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease or injury. Other options like biotechnology or environment are broader fields that do not specifically center on clinical treatment.

There are many different types of medical devices, including implantable devices, non-implantable devices, in vitro diagnostic devices, diagnostic devices, therapeutic devices, monitoring devices, active devices, passive devices, and combination devices.

An X-ray machine is not a medical device because it is not used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or monitor a medical condition.

Contact lenses are the most common type of medical device, with over 125 million people worldwide wearing them.