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Questions Related to zoology

Autonomic nervous system controls

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. Reflex action

  2. Sense organs

  3. Internal organs

  4. Skeletal muscle

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs. It is responsible for the maintenance and regulation of internal environment by controlling automatic activities of the internal body organs. It regulates the functions of those organs which are not under the control of will (involuntary functions) such as circulatory, respiratory systems, involuntary muscles and visceral organs. So, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following is not a sympathetic effect?

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. Increased blood pressure

  2. Increased storage of glycogen from glucose

  3. Increased heart rate

  4. Increased constriction of the blood vessels

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous systems results in the construction of pupils. Salivation, decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

So, the correct option is 'Increased storage of glycogen from glucose'.

The autonomic system has two divisions called

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. CNS and PNS

  2. somatic and skeletal systems

  3. efferent and afferent systems

  4. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system is associated with involuntary responses. The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal organs through a balance of two aspects, or divisions. In addition to the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system is instrumental in homeostatic mechanisms in the body. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic system is associated with the fight-or-flight response, and parasympathetic activity is referred to by the epithet of rest and digest. Homeostasis is the balance between the two systems.

So, the correct answer is 'sympathetic and parasympathetic systems'.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are often synergistic in their functions.

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. True

  2. False

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • The autonomic nervous system is divided into two subdivisions. They are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the body's responses to a perceived threat and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response while The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) controls homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" function.
  • Hence Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are often antagonistic(opposing) in their functions.
  • So, the given statement is false.

The autonomous nervous system is completely independent of the central nervous system.

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • The nervous system is divided into two major subdivisions. They are the Central nervous system(brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system.
  • The peripheral nervous system is in turn divided into two divisions. They are a somatic and autonomic nervous system.
  • The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.
  • The autonomous nervous system is completely independent of the central nervous system is a false statement because, within the brain, the autonomic nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus(part of CNS).

The two systems exerting opposite influence on the same organ/organs are 

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. Endocrine and exocrine glands.

  2. Muscular and nervous systems.

  3. Endocrine and nervous systems.

  4. Sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The sympathetic nervous system controls the fight response in the body. The parasympathetic nervous system controls the feed and breed activities of the body. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) acts as an antagonist to the action of the parasympathetic nervous system(PNS) and the PNS acts as an antagonist to the action of SNS.

So, the correct option is 'Sympathetic and Parasympathetic'

Consider the following statements and state true or false.
1. Synaptic cleft of neurons secrete adrenaline.
2. Myelinated nerve fibres and enveloped with Schwann cells, which form a myelin sheath around the axon.
3. Non-myelinated nerve fibre is enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form a myelin sheath.
4. Spinal cord and cranial nerves are made up of non-myelinated nerve fibres.

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. 1, 2 are correct but 3 and 4 are wrong.

  2. 1, 2 and 3 are correct but 4 is wrong.

  3. 3 and 4 are correct while 2 and 3 are wrong.

  4. 1 and 4 are correct while 2 and 3 are wrong.

  5. 2 and 3 are correct while 1 and 4 are wrong.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Myelin sheath is the insulating envelope of myelin, that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Nonmyelinated nerve fiber lacks the fatty myelin insulating sheath. Such fibers form the gray matter of the nervous system, as distinguished from the white matter of myelinated fibers. 

Parasympathetic system causes

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. Inhibition of sweat glands

  2. Constriction of pupil in bright light

  3. Increase in rate of respiration

  4. Increase in heart beat

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The pupillary light reflex is a reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina of the pupil and the eye. Parasympathetic nerve fibres from the third (oculomotor) cranial nerve innervate the muscle that causes constriction of the pupil, whereas sympathetic nerve fibres control dilation. 

Function of sympathetic system is to

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. Decrease heart beat

  2. Increase heart beat

  3. Contract respiratory organ

  4. Secrete saliva

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The sympathetic branch of our autonomic nervous system originates in the spinal cord. It goes into action to prepare the body for physical or mental activity. Its general action is to mobilize the body in a fight response. It increases muscle blood flow and tension, dilates pupils, accelerates heart rate and respiration, and increases perspiration and arterial blood pressure. To conserve and concentrate energy, it slows down digestive activity.

Which of the following two systems are opposite in action to each other?

zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

  1. Nervous - Sensory

  2. Nervous - Endocrine

  3. Sensory - Endocrine

  4. Parasympathetic - Sympathetic

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions function in opposition to each other. 

This opposition is better termed complementary in nature rather than antagonistic. The sympathetic division functions in actions requiring quick responses. The parasympathetic division functions with actions that do not require immediate reaction. The sympathetic system is often considered the "fight or flight" system, while the parasympathetic system is often considered the "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" system.