Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

During the processing of proinsulin into mature insulin

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. C-peptide is added to proinsulin

  2. C-peptide is removed from proinsulin

  3. B-peptide is added to proinsulin

  4. B-peptide is removed from proinsulin.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Insulin is used for diabetes which is synthesised by a pro-hormone present in humans. The prohormone needs to be processed to become a fully mature and functional hormone as it contains an extra stretch called the C peptide which is not present in the mature insulin. 

So, the correct option is 'Option B' .

Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given. Choose the correct sequence (i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially (ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors (iii) Purification of humulin (iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid (v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E. coli (vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E. coli.

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. ii, i, iv, iii, v, vi

  2. i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv

  3. i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii

  4. iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The correct sequence is

1.Synthesis of the gene for human insulin artificially.
2.Insertion of human insulin.
3.Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
4. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
5.Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E.
6.Purification of Humulin.
So, the correct option is 'i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii'.

Which of the following statements is not correct? 

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Insulin used for diabetic patients was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs which was more efficient than that the genetically engineered insulin

  2. PCR technique is applied to detect HIV in Suspected AIDS patients and to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients

  3. Bone marrow transplantation requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes

  4. Bio-remediation is the one of the applications of biotechnology

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Earlier, insulin used for curing diabetes used to be extracted from pancreas of slaughtered pigs and cattle. This insulin was slightly different from human insulin and caused some undesirable side effects such as allergy. Genetically engineered insulin is a far more efficient.

Select the correct options to fill up the blanks.
(i) ___enzymes is crucial for the immune system to function and its absence is caused by the deletion of a gene.
(ii) Insulin consists of _and _that are linked together by _.
(iii) Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the __.
(iv)___involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. 

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. (i) Adenosine deaminase (ii) A-chain, B-chain, disulfide bridges (iii) polio vaccine (iv) RNAi

  2. (i) RNAi (ii) A-chain, B-chain, disulphide bridges (iii) adenosine deaminase (iv) polio vaccine

  3. (i) Adenosine deaminase (ii) A-chain, B-chain, hydrogen bonds (iii) polio vaccine (iv) RNAi

  4. (i) RNAi (ii) A-chain, B-chain, non-covalent bridges (iii)polio vaccine (iv) adenosine deaminase

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Adenosine deaminase enzymes is crucial for the immune system to function and its absence is caused by the deletion of a gene. It is cured by the gene therapy.
  • Insulin consists of chain A and chain B that are linked together by disulphide bridges. 
  •  Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
  • RNAi involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA. 
So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

The first step in production of insulin using E.coli is

zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

  1. Isolation of mRNA transcribing for insulin pancreas cell.

  2. Isolation of nucleotides transcribing for insulin from pancreas cell.

  3. Isolation of gene producing insulin from human DNA.

  4. Attachment of gene producing insulin from human DNA to plasmid using ligase.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Scientists synthesized in the laboratory genes for the two insulin "A" and "B" chains. This is accomplished by chemically linking together small pieces of DNA sequence and then joining them in a specific manner to form complete genes. Once the genes were synthesized, they are attached into circular DNA strands called as plasmids. The newly constructed plasmids containing the transplanted genetic material were introduced into a benign E. coli bacterial strain.

The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in

zoology respiratory system do plants breathe? plant respiration respiration-plants

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Chloroplast

  4. Nucleus

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Select the correct option:

Mercury (Hg) is generally used in anaerobic respiration experiments because it does not react with ___________.

zoology respiratory system do plants breathe? plant respiration respiration-plants

  1. ${O} _{2}$

  2. ${CO} _{2}$

  3. ${H} _{2}O$

  4. $air$

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Mercury is very reactive towards oxygen. It reacts with the oxygen in the air and also reacts with dilute acids containing oxygen. However, mercury is comparatively non-reactive in water. This is why it is used in anaerobic respiration experiments.
So, the correct answer is '$H _2$O'

2 NADH $(H^+)$ produced during anaerobic glycolysis yield

zoology respiratory system do plants breathe? plant respiration respiration-plants

  1. 6 ATP molecules

  2. 4 ATP molecules

  3. 8 ATP molecules

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The process of glycolysis yields 2 net ATPs and 2 NADH molecules. NADH is converted into ATP in mitochondrial electron transport chain if oxygen is present. In anaerobic respiration, there is no oxygen available so NADH does not lead to the formation of ATP molecules. Without oxygen, NADH builds up and the cell can run out of NAD. Without NAD glycolysis stops. To regenerate NAD, cells with anaerobic respiration carry out the process of fermentation in which NADH gets converted into NAD to restart glycolysis. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

When yeast and sugar solution are left to stand without oxygen for some time they develop a characteristic smell due to the production of new compound, which is

zoology respiratory system do plants breathe? plant respiration respiration-plants

  1. Ethanol

  2. Ammonia

  3. Carbondioxide

  4. Sodium carbonate

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
When yeast has both sugar and oxygen available to it, it undergoes aerobic respiration to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide. In the absence of oxygen, yeast switches over to a process called anaerobic respiration. During which, sugar is fermented to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and ethanol. Yeast that produces ethanol from the sugar has a characteristic smell and this process is generally used to ferment wine.
So, the correct answer is 'Ethanol'.

The growth of which group of bacteria will be slow in comparison to the others?

zoology respiratory system do plants breathe? plant respiration respiration-plants

  1. Obligate aerobes

  2. Obligate anaerobes

  3. Facultative aerobes

  4. Facultative anaerobes

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • The growth of Obligate aerobes will be slow in comparison to the other bacteria.
  • These group of bacteria require oxygen to grow as they cannot respire anaerobically.
  • Its growth depends on aerobic respiration and use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.
  • The correct answer is OPTION A.