Tag: petroleum and natural gas

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Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

Statement $I$: Refining of petroleum requires the separation of its components into different fractions.
Statement $II$: The hydrocarbon chains that makeup petroleum have the same basic carbon chain (same number of $C$ in the parent).

  1. Statement $I$ is true and Statement $II$ is false
  2. Statement $I$ is false and Statement $II$ is true
  3. Statement $I$ and $II$ are false
  4. Statement $I$ and $II$ both are true and Statement $II$ is correct explanation of Statement $I$
  5. Statement $I$ and $II$ both are true and Statement $II$ is not a correct explanation of Statement $I$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Refining of petroleum requires the separation of its components into different fractions. The hydrocarbon chains that make up petroleum have the different basic carbon chain (different number of $Cs$ in the parent).
Hence, the statement $I$ is true but statement $II$ is false.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as _______ barrels (127,000 to 143,000 cubic meters) per day of crude oil.

  1. 800,000 to 900,000

  2. 800,000 to 2900,000

  3. 1800,000 to 900,000

  4. 800,000 to 900,0000
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Now a days due to development of different technological processes modern petroleum refineries process as much as 800,000 to 900,000 barrels (127,000 to 143,000 cubic meters) per day of crude oil.


Hence the correct option is A.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

Petroleum is an important source for all of the following except:

  1. propane

  2. rubber

  3. kerosene

  4. gasoline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Rubber is the polymer which is obtained from rubber tree which is not isolated during oil  and petroleum refining.So Petroleum is an important source for all of the following except rubber where as propane,kerosene and gasoline obtained during refining of petroleum.
Hence option B is correct.
Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

In the refining of petroleum, in a fractionating column, the principle use is ________.

  1. difference in melting points

  2. difference in boling points

  3. diffrence in freezing points

  4. difference in densities
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A fractional column is an essential item used in the distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in volatilities. Industrial fractionating columns have outlets at intervals up the column so that multiple products having different boiling ranges may be withdrawn from a column distilling a multi-component feed stream. The lightest products with the lowest boiling points exit from the top of the columns and the heaviest products with the highest boiling points exit from the bottom.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

Tetraethyl lead is a:

  1. solvent

  2. petroleum additive

  3. oxidising agent

  4. fire extinguisher
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tetraethyl lead $(CH _3CH _2) _4 Pb$ is a petroleum additive. TEL is produced by reacting chloroethane with a sodium–lead alloy:
 $ 4 NaPb + 4 CH _3CH _2Cl\rightarrow (CH _3CH _2) _4Pb + 4NaCl + 3Pb$
The product is recovered by steam distillation, leaving a sludge of lead and sodium chloride. TEL is a viscous colorless liquid. Because TEL is charge neutral and contains an exterior of alkyl groups, it is highly lipophilic and soluble in petrol.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

Which one of these are not the by-products obtained by processing petroleum in petrochemical industries?

  1. Vaseline

  2. Fertiliser

  3. Synthetic rubber

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

By-products obtained from processing petroleum in industries are fertilisers, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibres, medicines, vaseline, lubricants, wax, soap and cosmetics.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

Petroleum gas mainly consists of:

  1. methene, ethene, propane and butene.

  2. methane, ethane, propane and hexane.

  3. methane, ethane, propane and butane.

  4. methane and butane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG (also called Autogas) consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and butylene in various mixtures.It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. The components of LPG are gases and will evaporate at normal temperatures and pressures, as a result it is stored in pressurised steel bottles.  Unlike natural gas, LPG is heavier than air, and thus will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements.Such accumulations can cause explosion hazards.

Multiple choice chemistry petrochemicals and polymers petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas rocks and minerals

The temperature range during which petrol (gasoline) is obtained:

  1. $40^oC$ to $200^oC$
  2. $40^oC$ to $80^oC$
  3. $40^oC$ to $100 ^oC$
  4. $30^oC$ to $200 ^oC$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The most common method of refining crude is the process of fractional distillation. This involves heating crude oil to about 350 degrees Celsius,to turn it into a mixture of gases. These are piped into a tall cylinder, known as a fractional tower. The higher the gas rises in the tower, the lower the temperature becomes. Petrol or gasoline, condenses out at around 110 degrees celsius, while petroleum gas is drawn off at the top. The distilled liquid from each level contains a mixture of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons with similar properties, and requires further refinement and processing to select specific molecules. A process called cracking is used to produce more of the lower molecular weight hydrocarbons from higher ones.