Tag: nitrogen and sulfur

Questions Related to nitrogen and sulfur

Which reaction of ammonia forms the first step of Ostwald's process?

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. The catalytic oxidation of ammonia by platinum catalyst

  2. The catalytic oxidation of ammonia by cobalt catalyst

  3. The catalytic reduction of ammonia by platinum catalyst

  4. The oxidation of ammonia

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The first step of Ostwald's process is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia by platinum catalyst for the formation of nitric acid.

$NH _3+O _2 \xrightarrow {Pt} NO+ H _2O$

$N _2(g) + 3H _2(g)\overset{Fe+Mo}{\rightleftharpoons}2NH _3(g)$; Haber's process.

Mo is used as :

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. a catalyst

  2. a catalytic promoter

  3. an oxidising agent

  4. a catalytic poison

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$NH _3$ is manufactured by Haber's process.
$N _2(g) + 3H _2(g)\overset{Fe+Mb}{\rightleftharpoons}2NH _3(g)$
In this process, pure nitrogen and hydrogen gases react in the ratio of $1:3$ by volume in $400^0C-500^0C$ temperature, $200-900$ atm pressure in presence of iron as catalyst and Mo as promoter.

A mixture of $NH _4Cl$ and $NaCl$ can be separated by

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. filtration

  2. Distillation

  3. Sublimation

  4. Decantation

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

$NH _4$ undergoes sublimation while NaCI does not.

 In commercial industry, ammonia is prepared by :

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. decomposition of salts

  2. contact process

  3. arc process

  4. combining  hydrogen and nitrogen gases (Haber process)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

 In commercial industry, ammonia is prepared by combining hydrogen and nitrogen gases (Haber process).
$N _2 + 3H _2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH _3+24\ kcal$

What are the missing products of the following reaction? $\displaystyle { NH } _{ 4 }Cl+{ Ca\left( OH \right)  } _{ 2 }\rightarrow \ _ \ _ \ _ +Ca{ Cl } _{ 2 }$

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. $\displaystyle { N } _{ 2 }$

  2. $\displaystyle { NH } _{ 3 }$

  3. $\displaystyle { H } _{ 2 }O$

  4. $\displaystyle { NH } _{ 3 }+{ N } _{ 2 }$

  5. $\displaystyle { NH } _{ 3 }+{ H } _{ 2 }O$

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Calcium hydroxide reacts with ammonium chloride to give ammonia, water and calcuim chloride.

${ 2NH } _{ 4 }Cl+Ca{ (OH) } _{ 2 }\rightarrow { 2NH } _{ 3 }+{ 2H } _{ 2 }O+{ CaCl } _{ 2 }$

Pressure is increased in the Haber process for making ammonia. It favors :

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. the reverse reaction

  2. the forward reaction

  3. neither reaction

  4. none

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Pressure is increased in the Haber process for making ammonia. It favors the forward reaction.
$\displaystyle N _2 + 3H _2 \rightarrow 2NH _3$
The reaction proceeds with decrease in the number of moles of gaseous species. With increase in pressure, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction with decrease in the number of moles of gaseous species so that, the effect of increased pressure is nullified.

Which compounds is related to Haber's process:

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. $CO _2$

  2. $H _2$

  3. $NO _2$

  4. $NH _3$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Haber's process is used to synthesize ammonia ($NH _3$) from nitrogen and hydrogen gases using in 1:3 ratio and $Fe,Mo$ is used as catalyst and promoter respectively.
$N _2+3H _2\xrightarrow[Fe]{Mo}2NH _3$
Hence option D is correct

In the Haber process of synthesis of $NH _3$,  which of the following statement is correct?

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. $Mo$ acts as a catalyst and $Fe$ as a promoter

  2. $Fe$ acts as a catalyst and $Mo$ as a promoter

  3. $Fe$ acts as inhibitor and $Mo$ as a catalyst

  4. $Fe$ acts as promoter and $Mo$ as autocatalyst

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Preparation of Ammonia: 

$N _2 + 3H _2\rightarrow 2NH _3$

At high pressure about 200-250 atm, and a moderate temperature of $750K$, the reaction takes place. Removal of ammonia is done by liquefaction, In the process, iron is used as a catalyst and molybdenum as a promoter.

Which compound of nitrogen is formed when $CaNH$ reacts with hot water?

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. $NH _{3}$

  2. $N _{2}O$

  3. $NH _{2}NH _{2}$

  4. $NO _{2}$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When $CaNH$ reacts with hot water it forms $NH _3,Ca(OH) _2$.

$CaNH+2H _2O\rightarrow Ca(OH) _2+NH _3$.

Henceoption  is correct.

Formation of ammonia will be favorable in the following cases(s):
$N _2(g)\,+\,3H _2(g)\rightarrow2NH _3(g)$      $\Delta H\,<\,0$

chemistry nitrogen and sulfur ammonia and fertilizers preparation of ammonia-laboratory method and haber's process ammonia

  1. Addition of inert gas at constant volume

  2. Decreasing the volume of the container

  3. Addition of inert gas at constant pressure

  4. Increasing the pressure

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • In accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle, high pressure would favour the formation of ammonia. The optimum conditions for the production of ammonia are a pressure of 200 × 105 Pa (about 200 atm), a temperature of ~ 700 K and the use of a catalyst such as iron oxide with small amounts of $K _2O$ and $Al _2O _3$ to increase the rate of attainment of equilibrium.
  • Addition of an inert gas at constant volume: When an inert gas is added to the system in equilibrium at constant volume, the total pressure will increase. But the concentrations of the products and reactants (i.e. ratio of their moles to the volume of the container) will not change.
  • Hence, option A is correct answer as addition of ideal gas increases pressure and thus favours formation of Ammonia.