Tag: ecosystems

Questions Related to ecosystems

The establishment of Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) enshrines which among the following objectives?

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. Protection from Pollution

  2. Tourism Development

  3. Economy Hub

  4. Transportation facilities

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Correct Option: A

In which of the following universities "National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Zone Management" under the World Bank assisted Integrated Coastal Zone Management project is set up?

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. Pondicherry University, Pondicherry

  2. Anna University, Chennai

  3. Utkal University, Bhubaneswa

  4. Andhra University, Visakhapatnam

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Aquatic ecosystem help in

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. Reduce pollution

  2. Absorption of nutrients

  3. Recycle of nutrients

  4. Both A and B

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The aquatic ecosystem is the interaction of biotic component and abiotic component in the water body. It serves important environmental services such as recycling of nutrients, water purification, attenuate floods, recharge groundwater and provides shelter to wildlife. Aquatic ecosystems are also used for human recreation, and are very important to the tourism industry, especially in coastal regions. 

Which features are characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers?

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. Bright petals, large feathery stigmas

  2. Bright petals, rough sticky pollen

  3. Large feathery stigmas, nectaries

  4. Small light pollen, nectarines

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Insect-pollinated flowers are large, have brightly coloured petals, often sweetly scented, usually contain nectar- to attract insects. Its pollen are often sticky or spiky - to stick to legs and body of  insects

So, the correct is 'bright petals, rough sticky pollen'

Mid latitude lakes undergo mixing more than equatorial lakes, select the correct reason.

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. The midlatitude lakes turn over twice a year

  2. Midlatitude lakes develop a thermocline

  3. Water is densest at $4$

  4. All of the above

  5. They don't - equatorial lakes have more mixing

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Deep lakes at mid-latitudes have well-pronounced stratification which leads to the lakes experiencing wealthy internal waves dynamics. These lakes also possess seasonal water mixing during the spring and autumn transitional periods. This is due to the non-linear thermal expansion of water when its temperature reaches 4$^0$C and the density of water is maximum.  Further, with the increasing latitudes support the general cyclonic water circulation. Hence the large lakes along mid-latitudes show a large variety of these physical processes.

Identify the correct statement for freshwater ecosystems.
I. There is a seasonal mixing of materials.
II. During the year, oxygen concentrations are vertically uniform.
III. Materials are recycled more quickly than in ocean ecosystems.

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. III only

  4. I and III 

  5. II and III 

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A Freshwater ecosystem is one of  the aquatic ecosystems of the earth and includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and wetlands. This ecosystem is essential as it not only provides human beings their drinking water, but these are also home to more than 40 percent of the world's fish species. The seasonal changes occur in the freshwater ecosystem with regards to temperature-density relationship and since it contains continuous running water so materials are recycled more quickly than in ocean ecosystems.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Who have tried to put price tags on natures life support services?

botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

  1. Robert Constanga et al

  2. Nile Perch et al

  3. Herbert Boyer et al

  4. Ram Deo Misra et al

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Robert Constanga et al have tried to put price tags on natures life support services. He gave price tags to the ecosystem services. Out of these services, 50% accounts for the soil formation. The ecosystem services he put price on includes purify water and air, mitigate droughts and floods, nutrient cycling, habitat for wild life.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Robert Constanga et al.'

During the process of decomposition.

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. $CO _2$ is consumed and $O _2$ is released

  2. $O _2$ is consumed and $CO _2$ is released

  3. $CO _2$ is consumed and $H _2O$ is released

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Decomposition is the process that concerns breakdown of complex organic matter by decomposers to inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide, water and various nutrients. Oxygen is required by aerobic bacteria for decomposition.

Decomposers are also called as.

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Transducers

  2. Reducers

  3. Micro-consumers

  4. Both (b) and (c)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Decomposers are also called as reducers because they are able to remove or degrade the dead bodies of organisms and due to their small size they are known as microconsumers.

Given is a table of factors affecting microbial decomposition. ($'+'$ means 'favouring' and $'-'$ means inhibiting or lowering). Select the correct option.

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. High temperature- $+$, Lack of oxygen- $+$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$

  2. High temperature- $+$, Lack of oxygen- $-$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$

  3. High temperature- $-$, Lack of oxygen- $-$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$

  4. High temperature- $-$, Lack of oxygen- $+$, Moist environment- $+$, Lignin and chitin in detritus- $-$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Decomposers and transformers are the living components of the ecosystem and they are fungi and bacteria. Decomposers attack the dead remains of producers and consumers and degrade the complex organic substances into simpler compounds. The simple organic matters are then attacked by another kind of bacteria, and transformers which change these organic compounds into the inorganic forms that are suitable for reuse by producers or green plants.
The factors affecting microbial decomposition: Temperature is an important factor in the biological of a compost heap. Low outside temperatures  during the winter months slow the decomposition process, while warmer temperatures speed it up. During the warmer months of the year, intense microbial activity inside the heap caused composting to proceed at extremely high temperatures. The high temperatures are beneficial to the gardener because they kill weed seeds and germs that could be detrimental to vegetation. The next holds at 100 °F for a while and different microbes predominate. Then finally, the ambient phase where the pleasant earthly odor originates and material has produced compost.
Lack of oxygen: Composting can be defined in the terms of availability of oxygen. Aerobic decomposition means  that the active microbes in the heap require  oxygen,  while in anaerobic decomposition, the active microbes do not require oxygen to live and grow. Temperature, moisture content, the size of bacterial populations, and availability of nutrients limit and determine how much oxygen your heap uses.
Moist environment: The amount of moisture in your heap should be as high as possible, while still allowing air to filter into the pore spaces for the benefit of aerobic bacteria. Individual bacterial hold various percentages of moisture in compost and determine the  amount of water that can be added.
lignin and chitin in detritus: Even, within same climatic conditions decomposition rate becomes slower, if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. The nitrogen-rich detritus, on the other hand, having low amounts of lignin, decomposes relatively rapidly.
So the correct option is 'high temperature +, lack of oxygen +, moist environment +, lignin and chitin in detritus-'.