Tag: ecosystems

Questions Related to ecosystems

Decomposition rate is slow, if detritus is rich in

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Nitrogen

  2. Humus

  3. Sugars

  4. Lignin and chitin

  5. Water soluble substances

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Decomposition is the process of breaking down organic matter into simple inorganic matter. Under same environmental conditions, the rate of decomposition various due to change in composition of detritus. If detritus is rich in lignin and chitin, the decomposition rate is slow. If detritus is rich in nitrogen, the decomposition rate is relatively high.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Lignin and chitin.'

Important steps in decomposition are

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Fragmentation and mineralisation

  2. Leeching and catabolism

  3. Humification and mineralisation

  4. All the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. MIneralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'

Which process of decomposition is correctly described?

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Leaching: Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil

  2. Fragmentation: Carried out by organisms such as earthworm

  3. Humification: Leads to accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate

  4. Catabolism: Last step in decomposition under fully anaerobic conditions

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores such as earthworm.
Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil.
Humification is the process of formation of dark colored substance humus on the soil. It undergoes microbial action at a slow rate. Mineralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.
Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Fragmentation: Carried out by organisms such as earthworm.'

During the process of decomposition in which stage complex organic matter is converted into organic ions and salts by fungi

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Mineralisation

  2. Catabolism

  3. Fragmentation

  4. All the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex organic molecules into the simpler organic ions and salts by fungi. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. MIneralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Catabolism.'

Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described ?

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Fragmentation Carried out by organisms such as earthworm

  2. Humification Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate

  3. Catabolism Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition

  4. Leaching Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
-Detrivores(eg- Earthworms) breakdown detritus into smaller particles. this process is called fragmentation.
-Humification leads to the accumulation of dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at an extremely slow rate.
-Catabolism the third step of decomposition which occurs by fungal and bacteria action under anaerobic condition.
-By the process of leaching, water-soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.
So the correct option is A.

What is the correct sequence of the microorganisms involved in the decomposition of plant residues in the terrestrial ecosystems?

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Actinomycetes

  2. Spore producing bacteria

  3. Mould fungi and no spore producing bacteria

  4. Cellulose mycobacterium

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Choose the correct sequences.

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. $CO _{2}$ in atmosphere $\rightarrow $ decomposers $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in animals $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in plants.

  2. $CO _{2}$ in atmosphere $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in plants $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in animals $\rightarrow $ inorganic carbon in soil.

  3. Inorganic carbonates in water $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in plants $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in animals $\rightarrow $ scavengers.

  4. Organic carbon in animals $\rightarrow $ decomposers $\rightarrow CO _{2}$ in atmosphere $\rightarrow $ organic carbon in plants.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Nutrient cycles circulate matter through the biosphere. The nutrients regularly alternate between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components. Hence the nutrient cycles are also called as biogeochemical cycles. The important nutrient cycles are water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, mineral cycle. In the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon is fixed into organic compounds like carbohydrates by green plants during the process of photosynthesis. The organic compounds are consumed by heterotrophic organisms like animals. The waste materials of animals and dead bodies of animals and plants are acted upon by detrivorous organisms, releasing the mineral nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, sulphur etc back to the environment.

The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs is due to

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. poor nitrogen content

  2. anaerobic environment

  3. low cellulose contents

  4. low moisture contents

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Low or reduced moisture alters and reduces the decomposition process. A slow rate of composition of fallen logs is likely due to low moisture contents.

So, the correct answer is option D, low moisture contents.

Which of the following factors is not limiting?

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. CO$ _2$ concentration

  2. Light intensity

  3. Temperature

  4. Oxygen

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Correct Option: D

Which association below is not correct?

zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

  1. Cumulus congestus - anvil top

  2. Cumulus - fair weather cumulus

  3. Altocumulus castellanus - resemble "little castles"

  4. Stratus fractus - scud

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Correct Option: A