Tag: botany

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Questions Related to botany

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

Read the following four statements (A-D) about certain mistakes in two of them:

(A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
(B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macro-molecules.
(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps of r-DNA technology.
(D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of r-DNA into the host.

Which are the two statements having mistakes?

  1. Statements (A) and (B)

  2. Statements (B) and (C)

  3. Statements (C) and (D)

  4. Statements (A) and (C)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Rosie was the first transgenic cow and its milk was rich in human alpha-lactalbumin protein.

(B) Restriction enzymes are used in the isolation of the specific segment of DNA from the DNA of the organism because these enzymes are capable of cutting the DNA at the specific location.
(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps in the r-DNA technology. It involves the extraction and purification of the desired product.
(D) Disarmed pathogens like Agrobacterium tumifaciens, phage viruses are also used in the transfer of r-DNA into the host.
Hence, the correct answer is '(A) and (B)'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

Elution means

  1. Separation of DNA fragments on agarose gel

  2. Cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel

  3. Making the DNA bands visible under UV radiation

  4. Isolation of alien DNA from the choice organism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Elution is the process of extracting DNA fragments from an agarose gel after they have been separated.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

A dicotyledonous plant forms crown gall when

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens comes in contact with the plant

  2. Agrobacterium rhizogenes comes in contact with the plant

  3. A specific part of DNA from the Ti plasmid gets integrated with the plant chromosome

  4. A specific part of DNA from the Ri plasmid gets integrated with the plant chromosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Crown gall disease is caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which transfers a specific segment of its Ti plasmid (T-DNA) into the plant genome.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

Find the correct statement with respect to function or properties of RNA polymerase.

  1. Bacteria have $3$ different types of RNA polymerase

  2. RNA polymerase binds to promoter and initiate transcription

  3. It uses nucleoside monophosphate as substrate

  4. RNA polymerase polymerizes in a template independent manner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

RNA polymerase is the primary enzyme responsible for transcription, locating and binding to promoter regions on DNA to initiate RNA synthesis. Bacteria have a single type of RNA polymerase with multiple subunits, use nucleoside triphosphates as substrates, and require a DNA template.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

Consider the following steps during recombinant DNA technology.
a. Breaking of donor DNA using restriction enzyme
b. Culture of cloned bacteria containing the fragment of donor DNA
c. Isolation of suitable plasmid
d. Insertion of recombinant DNA through cloning
e. Joining of donor DNA with a suitable plasmid using ligase
The correct sequence of these is?

  1. $1, 3, 2, 4, 5$
  2. $3, 2, 1, 5, 4$
  3. $1, 3, 5, 4, 2$
  4. $5, 1, 3, 4, 2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The correct chronological sequence of recombinant DNA technology steps is: first isolate the suitable plasmid (c), break the donor DNA using restriction enzymes (a), join the donor DNA with the plasmid using ligase to form recombinant DNA (e), insert the recombinant DNA into a host through cloning (d), and finally culture the transformed bacteria (b). This matches the sequence 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 if steps a, c, e, d, b correspond to those numbers.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

When E coli with DNA $^{15}N ^{15}N $ is allowed to grow in a medium containing $^{14}N$ the number of DNA strands with $^{15}N$ after five generations is: 

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 8

  4. 16

  5. 30
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

DNA replication is semi-conservative. Starting with one fully heavy DNA molecule containing two N-15 strands, after 5 generations (32 total DNA molecules), only the two original strands from the parent molecule retain N-15, each ending up in a separate hybrid DNA molecule.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

  1. Reverse transcriptase-production of.cDNA from mRNA

  2. DNA polymerase-used in polymerase chain reaction to amplify section of DNA

  3. DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments

  4. Restriction enzyme-production of RFLPs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Restriction enzymes cut DNA creating sticky ends of restriction fragments. While DNA ligase joins these sticky ends to form recombinant DNA. 

So, the correct option is 'DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments'. 

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

After insertion of DNA segment within the sequence of Z-gene of bacteria, they are grown on chromogenic substrate. After the growth of bacterial colonies, they are identified as
i) Recombinants if colonies are blue- coloured.
ii) Recombinants if colonies are white coloured.
iii) Non-recombinants if colonies are blue- coloured.
iv) Non-recombinants if colonies are white coloured.

  1. iii, iv

  2. i, iv

  3. i, ii

  4. ii, iii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In insertional inactivation, the Z-gene (encoding beta-galactosidase) is disrupted. If the gene is intact, the bacteria produce the enzyme and turn blue on chromogenic substrate (non-recombinant). If the DNA segment is inserted, the enzyme is not produced, and colonies remain white (recombinant).