Tag: botany

Questions Related to botany

Which variations are temporary and are not connected with last or next generation?

botany classical genetics variation and its type natural selection introduction to genetics

  1. Hereditary variations

  2. Environmental variations

  3. Discontinuous variations

  4. Continuous variations

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In the living organisms, variation due to environment, not transmitted from generation to generation. so these are temporary, where as variations due to mutations are transmitted from generation to generation, so they are permanent. 

So, the correct option is 'Environmental variations'.

In introgressive hybridization, one species is completely replaced by another in nature.

botany classical genetics variation and its type natural selection introduction to genetics

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
he movement of a gene (gene flow) from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species is called Introgressive hybridization.
So the given statement is true.

The most likely reason for the development of resistance against pesticides in insects damaging crops is:

botany classical genetics variation and its type natural selection introduction to genetics

  1. genetic recombination

  2. directed mutations

  3. acquired heritable changes

  4. none of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest. Pest species evolve pesticide resistance via natural selection: the most resistant specimens survive and pass on their acquired heritable changes traits to their offspring. Cases of resistance have been reported in all classes of pests (i.e. crop diseases, weeds, rodents, etc.), with 'crises' in insect control occurring early-on after the introduction of pesticide use in the 20th century. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) definition of insecticide resistance is 'a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species'. Although the evolution of pesticide resistance is usually discussed as a result of pesticide use, it is important to keep in mind that pest populations can also adapt to non-chemical methods of control.
So the correct option is 'acquired heritable changes'.

The term 'recombinant DNA' refers to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA of the host cell

  2. DNA with a piece of foreign DNA

  3. DNA with selectable marker

  4. DNA with more than one recognition sites

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'DNA with a piece of foreign DNA'.

The term 'chimeric DNA' refers to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA with overhanging stretches

  2. DNA with palindromic sequence

  3. A recombinant DNA

  4. Molecular scissors

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'A recombinant DNA'.

Precipitates of purified DNA after the addition of chilled ethanol can be seen as a collection of fine threads in suspension. This process is referred as _____________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA transformation

  2. DNA ligation

  3. DNA spooling

  4. DNA duplication

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The purified DNA, after treatment with various enzymes, precipitates out after addition of chilled ethanol. This is viewed as a collection of fine threads in the suspension, and is easily collected. The process is known as DNA spooling.

You discovered a novel eukaryotic organism that glows in the dark. You believe this trait is due to a single gene, and you wish to clone the gene. which of the following strategies is most likely to be successful?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into a plasmid

  2. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for for the ability to glow in the dark.

  3. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

  4. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and genetate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

As it is a eukaryotic gene, it is better to be incorporated in a eukaryotic cell. Digestion by restriction endonuclease is not possible as the gene is unidentified and is to be isolated and cloned. It is better and easier to identify the gene transcript, i.e., protein coding mRNA, reverse transcribe it to produce cDNA and then transferring this intron less cDNA into an eukaryotic cell like yeast through a plasmid vector.
So, the correct answer is 'Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark'.

Insertional inactivation is related to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Microinjection

  2. Gene gun

  3. Gel electrophoresis

  4. Selection of recombinations

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Insertional inactivation is the inactivation of a gene upon insertion of another gene inside in its place or within its coding sequence. This helps the selection of transformant and as well as recombinant colonies in selective antibiotic medium aided due to insertional inactivation of the antibiotic gene which becomes inactive due to foreign gene insert within its sequence. 

So, the correct option is Selection of recombination.

Hybridoma technology was developed by

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Taggart, 1982

  2. Vitella et al, 1982

  3. Prie and Saxton, 1987

  4. Milstein and Kohier, 1975

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Hybridoma technology is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines (called hybridomas).

A major event in r-DNA technology is _________________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Separation

  2. Isolation

  3. Elution

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

r-DNA technology is the process involving the introduction of a foreign piece DNA containing a gene of interest into the genome of an organism. Isolation and separation is a step in the process in which various techniques are used to separate the required gene (containing the gene of interest) from the nucleus of the cell (free of the other cellular contaminants). The isolated DNA is then restriction digested and amplified to make several copies. It is then inserted into a vector for transfer into an appropriate host. Elution is a step involved in the process of separation of DNA. So, the correct answer is 'isolation and separation'.