Tag: application of biology in therapy and vaccine

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Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Escherichia coli having plasmids for production of human insulin is cultured in medium containing __________.

  1. Glucose

  2. Maltose

  3. Lactose

  4. Sucrose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the production of human insulin using E. coli, the insulin gene is typically placed under the control of the lac promoter. Lactose (or its analog IPTG) is added to the culture medium to induce the expression of the gene.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence
(i)   Synthesis of insulin gene artificially
(ii)  Culturing recombinant E. coli in bioreactors
(iii) Purification of humulin
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into a plasmid
(v)  Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
(vi) Extraction of a recombinant gene product from E. coli

  1. ii, i, iv, iii, v, vi

  2. i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii

  3. i, iii, v, vi, ii, iv

  4. iii, v, ii, i, vi, iv
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The correct sequence starts with synthesizing the gene (i), inserting it into a plasmid (iv), introducing the plasmid into E. coli (v), culturing the bacteria (ii), extracting the product (vi), and finally purifying the protein (iii).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

In the technique of recombinant insulin production, the genes for $\alpha$- and $\beta$ - polypeptides were inserted into the plasmid by the side of __________.

  1. Antibiotic resistance gene

  2. Lac Z promoter gene
  3. $\beta$-galactosidase gene

  4. Ori
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In early recombinant insulin production, the insulin polypeptide genes were fused to the beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) to ensure stable expression and to produce a fusion protein.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Human insulin is being commercially produced from transgenic species of _____________.

  1. E. coli

  2. Brassica napus

  3. Bacillus thuringiensis

  4. Agrobacterium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced from genetically engineered E.coli. By using genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology, insulin-producing genes from human beings have been transferred into E.coli. bacteria, which produced insulin called 'humulin' for clinical use. This type of insulin was produced commercially by an American pharmaceutical firm Eli Lily on 5th July, 1983.


So, the correct answer is 'E.coli'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Identify the wrong statement with reference to the structure of human insulin :

  1. Insulin is synthesised as a pre-hormone which contains an extra stretch called C-peptide

  2. A and B chains are combined by disulphide bonds to form humulin

  3. Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains

  4. In these, chain A is made up of 30 amino acids and chain B is made up of 21 amino acids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin consists of 51 amino acids, but the distribution is 21 amino acids in chain A and 30 amino acids in chain B. The option stating 30 in A and 21 in B is incorrect.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

What is the advantage of clinical use of humulin over use of conventional ox or pig insulin __________________.

  1. It does not cause immunological problems

  2. It is cheaper for the patient

  3. It is produced by E. coli in our intestine

  4. There is no advantage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Conventional insulin derived from animals often caused allergic reactions in patients due to slight differences in protein structure. Humulin, being identical to human insulin, avoids these immunological complications.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Find out the wrong statement :

  1. Human protein used to treat emphysema is $\alpha$-1-antitrypsin.

  2. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

  3. Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk.

  4. Cry Ab endotoxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against corn borers.

  5. Genetically modified bacterium used as biopesticide is Bacillus thuringiensis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced using genetically modified E. coli, not Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium is primarily used for plant genetic engineering.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which of the following companies started selling $Humulin$  in the year 1983?

  1. Ell Lilly

  2. Genetech

  3. GEAC

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company, first prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of Escherichia coil to produce insulin and chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bonds to form human insulin (humulin).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of proinsulin and mature insulin are not correct?
(i) Proinsulin is made up of three polypeptide chains A, B, and C.
(ii) C-polypeptide chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
(iii) Mature insulin is made up of 51 amino acids and arranged in two polypeptide chains-A and B.
(iv) Polypeptide chain A has 30 amino acids and polypeptide chain B has 21 amino acids.
(v) Polypeptide chains A and B are interconnected by only one S-S linkage.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (iv) and (v)

  4. (iii), (iv) and (v)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Human insulin is made up of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains: A, having 21 amino acids and B, with 30 amino acids. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide bridges. The two polypeptide chains are interconnected by two disulphide briges. The hormone develops from a storage product called pronsulin. Proinsulin has three chains: A, B and C, C-chain with 33 amino acids is removed prior to insulin formation.
So, the correct answer is '(iv) and (v)'.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Insulin is a/an.

  1. Polysaccharide

  2. Protein

  3. Amino acid derivative

  4. Lipid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is a large popylpeptide hormone and is insoluble in lipids, therefore, it cannot enter the target cell. It acts at the cell surface. It operates through extracellular membrane bound receptor, a heterotetrameric protein (extrinsic protein) on the target cell.