Tag: application of biology in therapy and vaccine

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Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Scientists have been able to splice the eukaryotic gene for the production of human insulin into the genome of bacterial cells and induce those bacteria to express the gene and produce insulin. This suggests which of the following?

  1. Prokaryotic cells many have evolved from eukaryotic cells.

  2. DNA is a universal molecular carrier of genetic information for all life on the planet.

  3. Bacteria cells naturally produce and use insulin.

  4. Humans have a symbiotic relationship with certain species of bacteria living in their intestines that produce insulin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

All prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms are made of double stranded DNA, that has the same type of nitrogen bases. The difference lies in the number and the arrangement of nitrogen bases 

So, the correct answer is 'DNA is a universal molecular carrier of genetic information for all life on the planet.'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Human insulin can be mass produced using genetically modified bacteria. The human insulin gene is added to a bacteria strain, and the bacteria will produce the human protein. This process demonstrates that

  1. Bacteria have mechanisms for identifying and translating foreign DNA.

  2. DNA is functionally identical in all organisms.

  3. Humans and bacteria are closely related.

  4. Humans are prokaryotic.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Human insulin can be mass produced using genetically modified bacteria, human insulin gene is added to the bacterial plasmid, which replicates and produces the protein. DNA in all organisms is chemically same but functionally different.
So, the correct answer is 'Bacteria have mechanisms for identifying and translating foreign DNA'
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Humulin is

  1. A form of chitin

  2. A powerful antibiotic

  3. A new digestive enzyme

  4. Human insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Humulin was the first medication produced using modern genetic engineering techniques in which actual human DNA is inserted into a host cell (E. coli). The host cells are then allowed to grow and reproduce normally, and due to the inserted human DNA, they produce a synthetic version of human insulin.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Multiple Choice Question

Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?

  1. Nicotine

  2. Morphine

  3. Quinine

  4. Insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology refers to technology used to manipulate DNA. The procedures are often referred to as genetic engineering. DNA is the genetic material of all living organisms and all organisms use the same genetic code. Genes from one kind of organism can be transcribed and translated when put into another kind of organism. For example, human and other genes are routinely put into bacteria in order to synthesize products for medical treatment and commercial use. Human insulin, human growth hormone, and vaccines are produced by bacteria.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Globular protein of ~ 6kDaconsisting of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains held by disulphide bridge is

  1. Insulin

  2. Fibrinogen

  3. Glucagon

  4. Keratin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin is a small globular protein consisting of 51 amino acids arranged in two chains (A and B) connected by disulfide bridges.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Which one of correct?

  1. Centromere is found in animal cells which produces aster during cell division

  2. Insulin gene is present in every body cell

  3. Nucleosome is formed of nucleotides

  4. DNA has a core of eight histones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Every somatic cell in the human body contains the complete genome, including the gene for insulin, although it is only expressed in the beta cells of the pancreas.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Maturation of proinsulin into insulin takes place after

  1. Joining of c-peptide

  2. Removal of c-peptide

  3. Removal of disulphide bridge

  4. Addition of disulphide bridge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Proinsulin is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain that must undergo post-translational processing, specifically the removal of the C-peptide, to become mature, active insulin.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Recombinant DNA bearing ampicillin resistance gene is passed in E. coli. The latter are spread on agar plates containing ampicillin. Then

  1. Both transformed and untransformed cells die

  2. Both transformed and untransformed cells grow

  3. Transformed recipient cells grow and untransformed cells die

  4. Transformed recipient cells die and untransformed cells grow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ampicillin resistance gene acts as a selectable marker. Only cells that have taken up the recombinant plasmid (transformed cells) will survive and grow on the agar plates containing ampicillin, while untransformed cells will be killed.