Tag: community health and hygiene

Questions Related to community health and hygiene

Hashish and Ganja are obtained from

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Erythroxylon

  2. Nicotiana

  3. Papaver

  4. Cannabis

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Hashish and Ganja are hallucinogens obtained from Cannabis sativa (Hemp plant). Hashish is obtained from resin (the secreted gum) of Cannabis which is dried and pressed to convert it into a smokable form. Ganja is obtained from unfertilised female inflorescence. Hallucinogens are also known as psychedelic drugs. They change mood, behaviour and thoughts. They cause hallucinations and produce false imaginations.
So, the correct answer is 'Cannabis'.

Dipsomania is

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  1. A type of depression

  2. Insanity due to psychosis

  3. Severe addiction to alcohol

  4. Tendency to take much water

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Dipsomania is a condition in which there is uncontrolled craving for alcohol. Basically, dipsomania is alcoholism. People suffering from alcoholism are obsessed with alcohol. Such people can't resist to drinking alcohol even if it is causing problems in their personal and professional life. It can cause many serious health hazards like liver cirrhosis, loss of muscle coordination, reduced blood sugar level and dehydration.
So, the correct answer is 'Severe addiction to alcohol'.

Consumption of alcohol leads to

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Acetaldehyde accumulation in liver

  2. Fat synthesis in liver

  3. Lowering of blood glucose level

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Consumption of alcohol leads to accumulation of acetaldehyde in liver which causes hangover. Unpleasant physical and mental effects occur in body due to hangover.
Alcohol consumption also leads to fatty liver syndrome in which there is build-up of fat in liver. Gradually the liver hardens and dries up. The healthy cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue. This leads to build up of scar tissue in liver and leads to cirrhosis.
Alcoholism reduces the level of sugar in blood and cause hypoglycaemia.
Hence, all options are correct. So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

With reference to Cannabis which is correct X,Y and Z?
Statement X: Flowers are attractive and produce scent.
Statement Y: Pollen grains are small, dry and light.
Statement Z: Cannabis is wind pollinated plant.

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. X and Y are wrong, Z is independent of X and Y

  2. X is wrong, Y is correct and Z is correct reason for Y

  3. X is correct, Y is wrong and Z is correct reason for X

  4. Both X and Y are correct, Z is correct reason for Y

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Cannabis is an annual herb which is indigenous to eastern Asia. Many hallucinogenic drugs like bhang, charas and marijuana are obtained from different parts of Cannabis plant. The flowers of Cannabis plant are wind pollinated so they have small, dry and light pollen grains which can be easily carried by the wind to the stigma of another flower. The flowers are not attractive and do not produce any scent because scented flowers are characteristics of insect pollinated plants.
Hence, statement X is wrong and both Y and Z are correct with Z being the correct reason for Y.
So, the correct answer is 'X is wrong, Y is correct and Z is correct reason for Y'.

Every time when the dosage of drug has to be increased to achieve the same kick, that initially occurred in response to a smaller dose, the condition is known as

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Addiction

  2. Tolerance

  3. Withdrawal symptom

  4. Rebound effect

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Tolerance is the condition in which the body gets used to drugs due to drug addiction and the person's reaction to drugs get reduced. To get the same effect, body needs more dosage of drugs. This happens every time dosage is increased because after taking drugs regularly, at some point of time body gets used to the dosage and produce no reactions. There is uncontrolled craving for taking increased dosage of drugs when the person doesn't get desired effects with the present dose. 
So, the correct answer is 'Tolerance'.

In liver, alcohol is converted into a more toxic substance called

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Acetaldehyde

  2. Formaldehyde

  3. Hydrogen cyanide

  4. Methane

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In liver, alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcoholic dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is more toxic than alcohol and its accumulation can cause hangover symptoms in which unpleasant mental and physical experiences occur in body. It can alter various functions of liver by binding to different proteins. Formation of adduct of acetaldehyde affects activity of various enzymes. It may also cause dizziness and skin reactions too.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetaldehyde'.

The secondary metabolite obtained from Catharanthus roseus is

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  1. Vincristine

  2. Anthocyanin

  3. Menthol

  4. Nicotine.

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Correct Option: A

Consider the following plants.
a. Cannabis
b. Leucaena leucocephala
c. Morux albci
d. Cocos nucifera
Among these the one(s) which can be called multipurpose plant(s) would include.

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. $4$ alone

  2. $1, 2$ and $3$

  3. $1, 2$ and $4$

  4. $1, 2, 3$ and $4$

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Correct Option: A

Canabis sativa is the source of

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Opium

  2. LSD

  3. Marijuana

  4. Cocaine

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cannabis sativa is a species of plant from the family cannabaceae. It is a psychoactive drug that can be used for medicinal or recreational purpose. So, the correct option is 'marijuana'.

The most specific indication in case of cirrhosis of liver cells is the increase in the level of which enzyme?

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. CoA

  2. SGPT

  3. LDH

  4. CPK

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamate pyruvate aminotransferase (SGPT) is the enzyme produced by liver cells. It helps the body metabolize proteins. Cirrhosis is the disease in which normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue caused by alcohol and viral hepatitis B and C. If the liver is damaged as in cirrhosis, SGPT is released into the blood and this causes SGPT levels to increase.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'SGPT'.