Tag: community health and hygiene

Questions Related to community health and hygiene

Which of the following, stimulates the heart?

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Mescaline

  2. Epinephrine

  3. LSD

  4. Hashish

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mescalin, LSD and hashish are hallucinogens and they affect the regions of the brain that are responsible for coordination, thought processes, hearing and sight.
Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on heart muscle cells. This causes the contraction rate of the heart to increase.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Ingestion of marijuana leads to illusions and alters the thoughts, feelings and perceptions of a person. Marijuana is a

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Narcotic

  2. Stimulant

  3. Hallucinogen

  4. Sedative

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Marijuana is a hallucinogen that causes altered perception and feeling. They have powerful mind-altering effects and can affect the regions of the brain that are responsible for co-ordination, thought processes, hearing and sight.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Which of the following is an opiate narcotic?

evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

  1. Barbiturates

  2. Morphine

  3. Amphetamines

  4. LSD

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Opiates e.g., morphine, heroin, pethidine (meperidine), codeine and methadone have narcotic, analgesic, sedative and anti-stringent (that cause contraction of body parts) effects.

Charas of hasish is obtained from

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Leaves of Cannabis

  2. Resinuous secretion of flowering tops of female Cannabis

  3. Dried leaves of female Cannabis

  4. Resinuous secretion from bark of male plants of Cannabis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hashish is a hallucinogenic drug prepared from resin secreted from flowering tops of Cannabis sativa (hemp). The resin is dried and pressed to form small blocks which are then smoked. It is a powerful hallucinogen which can change mood, behaviour and thoughts. It cause hallucinations and make false imaginations. It produces a dream like state and can even cause loss of contact with external reality.
So, the correct answer is 'Resinous secretion of flowering tops of female Cannabis'.

Assertion: Charas is a psychoactive drug.

Reason: Charas contains THC of 25 to 60%.

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

  2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

  3. If assertion is true but reason is false.

  4. If the assertion and reason both are false.

  5. If assertion is false but reason is true.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Answer is option A
Charas contains cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in 25 to 60%. this allows Charas drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body. Psyhological effect include emotional and psychological issues like apathy, a lack of motivation, depression, etc

Enzyme present in limited quantity in Asians for metabolism of alcohol is

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Alcohol dehydrogenase

  2. Succinate thiokinase

  3. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is the enzyme which converts acetaldehyde into acetate. Acetaldehyde is produced from the metabolism of alcohol by the enzyme alcoholic dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is toxic and its accumulation can cause hangover so it needs to be metabolized. It is converted into acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Acetate is then converted into carbon dioxide and water. About 50% people of northeast Asia have a dominant mutation in the gene encoding for enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase resulteing in decreased activity of this enzyme. So, Asians have this enzyme in limited quantity.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase'.

In alcoholics, liver cells come to accumulate fat. Fat formation is stimulated by

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Alcohol

  2. Acetaldehyde

  3. Thiamine deciciency

  4. Folic acid deficiency

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Alcohol is converted into acetaldehyde by alcoholic dehydrogenase. Consumption of too much alcohol affects liver and also cause hangover in which unpleasant physical and mental effects are seen due to accumulation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde can lead to fatty liver syndrome because it stimulates the deposition of collagen in liver. This is called alcohol induced fibrosis. The cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue due to which liver hardens and dries up. This ultimately leads to liver failure.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetaldehyde'.

Hangover is

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Increased desire to take alcohol

  2. Feeling of giddiness and nausea in the morning after having taken alcohol

  3. Development of gastritis and peptic ulcers due to alcohol addiction

  4. Feeling of flushing after taking alcohol

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Hangover is the experience of many unpleasant effects in body (which may be physiological or psychological) after consuming alcohol and occurs due to accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body. Acetaldehyde is formed from alcohol by the action of enzyme alcoholic dehydrogenase (ADH). It causes dizziness, dry mouth, headache weakness, mood changes etc. Other symptoms include anxiety, depression, nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep and sweating. These symptoms even last till morning when person wake up from the dizziness of alcohol consumed at night.
So, the correct answer is 'Feeling of giddiness and nausea in the morning after having taken alcohol'.

Use of Cannabis products results in

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Alteration in perception, thoughts and feelings

  2. Depressed brain activity and feeling of calmness

  3. Suppressed brain function and relief in pain

  4. Stimulation of nervous system, increased alertness and activity

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Many hallucinogenic products are obtained from Cannabis plant such as Bhang, Ganja, Charas and Marijuana. These are obtained from different parts of Cannabis plant. For example, bhang is obtained from fresh and dried leaves and flowering shoots of both male and female plants. Hallucinogenic drugs are also called psychedelic drugs. They change thoughts, mood, behaviour and perceptions. 
So, the correct answer is 'Alteration in perception, thoughts and feelings'.

In alcoholics, urine is

biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

  1. Hyperosmotic

  2. Isoosmotic

  3. Hypoosmotic

  4. Alkaline

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
In alcoholic persons, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) levels are decreased. ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary. It stimulates water reabsorption from kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production. Decreased secretion of ADH due to alcohol causes dehydration in body. The urine produced in body due to dehydration is hyperosmotic as its osmolarity is high due to deficiency of water.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperosmotic'.