World History

Indians helped the British to develop their colonies in other parts of the World. But everywhere, especially in South Africa, Indians were subjected to racial discrimination.

German statesman Otto von Bismarck was largely responsible for the creation of the German Empire in 1871. So option A is correct pair. 

Portugal led the way in exploration in the 1400s because of government stability and the invention of the caravel.

The Pilgrims wanted to worship God in their own way. They had left England because King James did not want them to practice own religion. They broke all tie with the church of England.

Russia.

The Renaissance eventually spread from northern Italy to the rest of Europe. Italy had three advantages that made it the birthplace of the Renaissance: thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome.

Explorer Vasco da Gama was born in Sines, Portugal, around 1460. In 1497, he was commissioned by the Portuguese king to find a maritime route to the East. His success in doing so proved to be one of the more instrumental moments in the history of navigation. He subsequently made two other voyages to India, and was appointed as the Portuguese viceroy in India in 1524.

Expeditions were financed by European kings and queens. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed to sponsor the expedition, and on 3 August 1492, Columbus and his fleet of three ships, the Santa Maria, the Pinta and the Niña, set sail across the Atlantic.

Hernan Cortes was born in 1485 in Medellin, western Spain. He led an expedition to kill the people and plunder Mexico. Eventually, he killed the local king and put an end to the independent rule of Mexico.

Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII, had her marriage annulled shortly before her execution in May 1536.

The Mayflower is the ship that transported the Pilgrims to the New World in 1620. The other options are unrelated terms.

The East India Company developed beyond a purely commercial enterprise when war between Britain and France spread to India in the mid-1740s. The Company established military supremacy over rival European trading companies and local rulers, culminating in 1757 in the seizure of control of the province of Bengal. In 1765, the Mughal Emperor granted the Company the diwani (the right to harvest the revenues of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa), which provided funds to bolster the Company’s military presence in the sub-continent. Further territorial acquisitions in India during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries cemented the change in the Company’s role from mere trader to a hybrid sovereign power.

Francisco de Almeida was the first Viceroy of the Portuguese possessions in India. During his period, the Portuguese defeated the Arab traders. His policy was to increase the Portuguese naval power so that they would become the masters of the Indian Ocean. 

After Albuquerque, the Portuguese expanded their influence and territorial control to include various regions such as Bassein, Salsette, and Hughli, among others.

The French East India Company was established by Colbert in 1664 as a commercial enterprise to compete with the English and Dutch East India companies. It was given a 15 yr monopoly to trade by the French king. During the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) between France and England, the French were defeated, and Pondicherry, the capital of French India, was captured in 1761 and by 1769, its monopoly over French trade with India was ended.