World Geography and Capitals

Oslo is the capital of Norway, located at the head of Oslo Fjord. It's the oldest of the Scandinavian capitals and was founded around 1048 by King Harald Hardrada. Djakarta is the capital of Indonesia (old spelling), Vienna is Austria's capital, and Queensland is an Australian state, not a city.

Mogadishu is the capital and largest city of Somalia, located on the Indian Ocean coast. It's been an important port city for centuries. Manila is the capital of Philippines, Djakarta is Indonesia's capital, and Kuala Lumpur is Malaysia's capital.

Santiago is the capital of Chile, located in the central valley surrounded by the Andes mountains. It's been the capital since colonial times. La Paz is Bolivia's administrative capital, Montevideo is Uruguay's capital, and Buenos Aires is Argentina's capital.

Cuba is traditionally called the "Sugar Bowl of the World" due to its historical sugar production. Havana is Cuba's capital and largest city. Rio de Janeiro is Brazil's former capital, Lisbon is Portugal's capital, and La Paz is Bolivia's administrative capital.

India has the largest English-speaking population in the world due to its colonial history and education system. New Delhi is India's capital. Washington D.C. is the US capital, London is UK's capital, and Dublin is Ireland's capital.

The ruble is the currency of Russia, and Moscow is its capital city. Moscow has been Russia's political and cultural center for centuries. Berlin is Germany's capital, Munchen (Munich) is a major German city, and St. Petersburg is a former Russian capital.

Mossad is Israel's intelligence agency, and Israel is considered the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jerusalem is Israel's capital and one of the oldest cities in the world. Tel Aviv is a major Israeli city, Ankara is Turkey's capital, and Istanbul is Turkey's largest city.

Reykjavik is the capital and largest city of Iceland, a Nordic island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean. It's the world's northernmost national capital.

Bern is the capital of Switzerland, and Algiers is the capital of Algeria. Lagos was Nigeria's former capital (replaced by Abuja), and Rio de Janeiro was Brazil's former capital (replaced by Brasília).

Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, is the southernmost national capital in the world at approximately 41°S latitude. Canberra (35°S), Santiago (33°S), and Buenos Aires (34°S) are all located further north.

Cape Town is affectionately called the 'Mother City' in South Africa because it was the first city to be established in the country (founded in 1652). It served as the starting point from which the rest of South Africa developed.

The Nobel Peace Prize is uniquely awarded in Oslo, Norway, while all other Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden. This was specified in Alfred Nobel's will.

The 'Land of the Midnight Sun' refers to Norway, where the sun remains visible at midnight during summer months due to the country's northern latitude. The capital of Norway is Oslo, not Reykjavik (Iceland), Tokyo (Japan), or Copenhagen (Denmark).

The Republic of Korea is South Korea, and its capital is Seoul. Keeping and Osaka are in Japan. Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea), not South Korea.