World Geography and Capitals

Karachi was the capital of Pakistan from independence in 1947 until 1959, when the capital was moved to Rawalpindi temporarily and then to the newly planned city of Islamabad in the 1960s. Karachi, as the first capital, housed key government buildings and institutions during this period.

Dakar is the capital city of Senegal, located on the Cape Verde Peninsula at Africa's westernmost point. Romania's capital is Bucharest, Cyprus is correctly spelled with a 'C' not 'S', and Mozambique's capital is Maputo.

South Africa is the only country with three capital cities: Pretoria (executive), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). This unique arrangement reflects the political compromise that created the Union of South Africa in 1910, distributing power among different regions. No other country has three official capitals serving different branches of government.

Bern (or Berne) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, serving as the seat of the federal government. While Zurich is Switzerland's largest city and financial center, and Geneva hosts many international organizations, Bern was chosen as the federal city in 1848.

Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. Krakow is Poland's second-largest city and a historic cultural center, but not the capital. Lisbon is the capital of Portugal (a distractor), and Vienna is Austria's capital (another distractor).

Budapest is the capital and largest city of Hungary, formed by the unification of Buda and Obuda on the west bank and Pest on the east bank of the Danube River. Vienna is Austria's capital, Warsaw is Poland's capital, and Sofia is Bulgaria's capital - all regional distractors.

Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria, situated in the western part of the country at the foot of Mount Vitosha. Budapest is Hungary's capital, Vienna is Austria's capital, and Warsaw is Poland's capital - all neighboring countries' capitals serving as distractors.

Havana is the capital and largest city of Cuba, located on the island's northern coast. Nicosia is the capital of Cyprus, Copenhagen is Denmark's capital, and Zagreb is Croatia's capital - all serving as geographic distractors. Havana has been Cuba's capital since the 16th century.

Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager. Nicosia is Cyprus's capital, Arhus is Denmark's second-largest city (a distractor), and Aalborg is another major Danish city (also a distractor). Copenhagen has been Denmark's capital since the 15th century.

Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, serving as the federal city since German reunification in 1990. While Frankfurt is Germany's financial hub and Hamburg is a major port city, Berlin is the political capital. Dusseldorf is another major German city serving as a distractor.

Amsterdam is the official capital of the Netherlands. The Hague is the seat of government where the Dutch parliament and international courts are located, but Amsterdam is the constitutional capital.

Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya, and the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) is the principal stock exchange of Kenya. It was founded in 1954 and is one of the largest stock exchanges in Africa. Nigeria has the Nigerian Stock Exchange, Morocco has the Casablanca Stock Exchange, and Ghana has the Ghana Stock Exchange.

JASDAQ (Japan ASEAN Deregulation and Quotation) is a stock exchange for emerging and growing companies in Japan. It was established in 1963 and is now part of the Osaka Exchange. The other options are incorrect: Jamaica has the Jamaica Stock Exchange, Jerusalem is in Israel (which has the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange), and Jordan has the Amman Stock Exchange.

The Cairo & Alexandria Stock Exchange (now the Egyptian Exchange, EGX) is located in Egypt. It was established in 1883 and is one of the oldest in the Middle East. Peru has the Lima Stock Exchange, Cuba has no active stock exchange, and Bahrain has the Bahrain Bourse.

Canberra is Australia's capital city, established in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne. Option A has a typo (CANBERA instead of CANBERRA) but is the intended correct answer.