Biology ยท General Awareness

Viral Diseases and Immunity

776 Questions

Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.

HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods

Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not true regarding adeno-associated virus?

  1. It contains double-stranded DNA.

  2. It may integrate into the host chromosome.

  3. It may be associated with insertional mutagenesis when used as a gene therapy vector.

  4. It may exist in the cell as an episome.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Adeno-associated virus contains single-stranded DNA.

Multiple choice

The basis for development of leukemia in some children treated with a retrovirus-derived gene therapy vector is

  1. stimulation of immune response to cell surface antigens introduced by an inserted gene

  2. insertional mutation of a tumor suppressor gene

  3. use of a virus that contains an oncogene

  4. insertion of the viral genome adjacent to an oncogene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Insertion of a retrovirus adjacent to an oncogene can activate that gene and lead to malignant transformation.

Multiple choice

AIDS is a dreaded disease of present century. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding AIDS?

  1. It is caused by HIV- a retrovirus.

  2. Retroviruses have RNA genomes that replicate through DNA intermediate.

  3. AIDS is an immuodeficiency disorder.

  4. Viral RNA genome is converted into DNA copy with the help of reverse transcriptase.

  5. HIV infection can be controlled by using immunosupressents.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Immunosupressents cannot control HIV infection.

Multiple choice

Which of the following features is correctly described about the most viruses that infect animals?

  1. Enter the host cell via endocytosis.

  2. Do not require a receptor protein to recognize the host cell.

  3. Leave their capsid outside the host cell.

  4. Can reproduce independently of a host cell.

  5. Leave only their protein outside the host cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Animal viruses attach by recognizing a receptor protein and entering through endocytosis.

Multiple choice

A person suffering from AIDS finally dies due to ___________.

  1. blood pressure

  2. other infections

  3. physical trauma

  4. inability to diagnose the disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 cells, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Patients typically die from these secondary infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc.) rather than the HIV virus itself.

Multiple choice

The HIV infections spread to the _________ present all over the body.

  1. nerves

  2. bones

  3. hair

  4. lymph nodes

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

HIV specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T cells and macrophages which are concentrated in lymph nodes throughout the body, making them viral reservoirs. The virus does not infect nerves directly, affect bone tissue, or attack hair follicles; its primary target is the immune system itself.

Multiple choice

Which of the following systems of our body is damaged during the HIV infection?

  1. Nervous system

  2. Respiratory system

  3. Immune system

  4. Muscular system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) specifically attacks and destroys cells of the immune system, particularly CD4 T-cells, weakening the body's ability to fight infections. It does not directly damage the nervous, respiratory, or muscular systems as its primary target.

Multiple choice

The AIDS virus does not spread through _________.

  1. infected mother to baby during pregnancy

  2. breastfeeding from an infected female

  3. blood to blood contact with infected person

  4. handshaking
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The AIDS virus (HIV) is NOT transmitted through casual contact like handshaking, hugging, or sharing utensils. It spreads through specific routes: sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Handshaking involves no exchange of bodily fluids necessary for HIV transmission.

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the following information and answer the given question.

Mr. Vikas is a responsible citizen. He is suffering from various types of diseases presently. He went to a private hospital for thorough health checkups and was diagnosed as HIV +ve. Soon, this news spread in his neighbourhood, on account of which he faced social isolation.

Which of the following is/are the mode(s) of transmission of this disease?

  1. Transfusion of infected blood

  2. Use of infected syringes

  3. Sexual contact with the infected person

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All are the modes of transmission of this disease.