Reasoning

Statement Based Reasoning

216 Questions

Test your logical reasoning skills with these statement based questions covering assumptions and courses of action. You must critically analyze administrative decisions and implicit premises. These topics are a staple in the reasoning sections of IBPS banking, SSC, and government recruitment exams.

Courses of actionImplicit assumptionsLogical reasoningStatement analysisAdministrative decisions

Statement Based Reasoning Questions

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and choose the correct option.

Statement: From a macro-economic standpoint, any trouble in realty would stem more from housing than commercial realty. Assumptions: I. Residential housing makes up 75% of the realty market in India. II. The residential prices have shot through the roof across the country in the last few years.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Both assumptions I and II are implicit.

  4. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

  5. Either assumption I or II is implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

"I" is the assumption from which the statement can be derived and "II" is not.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions. Which of the following assumptions is/are implicit in the statement?

Statement: If you are aiming for the moon, shoot for the stars. Assumptions: I. Nothing is impossible in life. II. Planning to fail is better than failing to plan.

  1. If assumption I alone is implicit

  2. If assumption II alone is implicit`

  3. If both I and II are implicit

  4. If neither I nor II is implicit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neither of these are implicitly the assumptions for the statement.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. Consider the statement and the following assumptions and choose the correct option.

Statement: Many business schools are run by politicians. Assumptions: I. Due to political pressure, the government has granted recognition to many colleges that don’t meet the standards. II. The approval process is non-transparent.

  1. If only assumption I is implicit

  2. If only assumption II is implicit`

  3. If both assumptions I and II are implicit

  4. If neither assumption I nor II is implicit

  5. If either assumption I or II is implicit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The statement itself is an assumption for I and not vice-versa. II is also not implicit.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: Why should we not find some representative men who may stand for the virtuous mean of the human society? Such men must clearly not be men of genius.

Assumptions:

(A) A man of genius tends to take himself out of the general category altogether.

(B) Only the mean can represent the whole.

  1. If assumption (A) alone is implicit.

  2. If assumption (B) alone is implicit.

  3. If either (A) or (B) is implicit.

  4. If neither (A) nor (B) is implicit.

  5. If both (A) and (B) are implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Neither of the assumptions is implicit. Men of genius are an undesirable choice, not because they take themselves out, but because they do not represent the mean. Possibly the focus of the argument is that the mean ‘should’ represent the whole. There is no assumption that nothing else 'can'.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: In mathematics, the principles are palpable, but removed from ordinary use so that for want of habit, it is difficult to turn one's mind in that direction. But if one turns it thither ever so little, one sees the principles fully. Assumptions: (A) One must have a quite inaccurate mind to reason wrongly from principles of mathematics. (B) It is almost impossible that principles of mathematics should escape notice.

  1. Assumption (A) alone is implicit.

  2. Assumption (B) alone is implicit.

  3. Both (A) and (B) are implicit.

  4. Neither (A) nor (B) is implicit.

  5. Either (A) or (B) is implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Only assumption (A) is implicit. If one turns one’s mind to the principles, one sees them fully, so that one will not reason wrongly from them. Assumption (B) is not implicit as ‘it is difficult to turn one’s mind in that direction’.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: The most incisive comment on politics today is indifference. When men and women begin to feel that elections and legislatures do not matter very much, that politics is a rather distant and unimportant exercise, the leader might as well put to himself a few searching doubts. Assumptions: (A) Indifference calls the political method itself into question. (B) Leaders in public affairs know that no attack is as disastrous as silence; that no invective is so blasting as the wise and indulgent smile of the people who do not care.

  1. Assumption (A) alone is implicit.

  2. Assumption (B) alone is implicit.

  3. Both (A) and (B) are implicit.

  4. Neither (A) nor (B) is implicit.

  5. Either (A) or (B) is implicit

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Indifference is not to persons, but to institutions, so (A) is implicit. But the argument that the indifference should impel the leader to introspection doesn’t assume that indifference is the leader’s worst (mark the superlative) enemy (B).

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, an argument is followed by two assumptions. Which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the argument?

Argument: Puritanism, with its emphasis on abstinence, cannot pass from one generation to another without losing much of what grace it has, and acquiring most odious and mischievous elements. Entailed puritanism, being an actual impossibility, all attempts to realise it have the worst features of sham and hypocrisy. Assumptions: (A) Puritanism and procreation are antithetical by nature. (B) Procreation means surrender of abstinence.

  1. Only (A)

  2. Only (B)

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. Neither (A) nor (B)

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The argument obviously assumes that abstinence will discount possibility of procreation and that there are no other means of procreation (A). (B) cannot be the assumption as this has been expressly stated. An assertion cannot be the assumption.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions. Which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the statement?

Statement: Consumption per se is growing. Assumptions: I. Inflationary trends will be observed in consumer goods in the long run. II. Strong economy is creating a wider affluence.

  1. Only assumption l is implicit.

  2. Only assumption ll is implicit.

  3. Either l or ll is implicit.

  4. Neither l nor ll is implicit.

  5. Both l and ll are implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Assumption II is strong because it talks of affluence, which usually leads to increased consumption.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions. Which of the given assumptions is/are implicit in the statement?

Statement: The government has alleged that companies in steel and cement industries have formed cartels to keep prices high. Assumptions: I. Steel and cement prices have appreciated over the last six months. II. Steel and cement companies are colluding with each other and fixing prices.

  1. Only assumption l is implicit.

  2. Only assumption ll is implicit.

  3. Either assumption l or ll is implicit.

  4. Neither assumption l nor ll is implicit.

  5. Both assumptions l and ll are implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The statement could be true if either the cause exists (assumption II) or the effect exists (assumption I).

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question, a statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement: The government has decided to levy 2 percent surcharge on tax amount payable for funding drought relief programmes. Assumptions: I. The government does not have sufficient money to fund drought-relief programmes. II. The amount collected by way of surcharge may be adequate to fund these drought-relief programmes.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either assumption I or II is implicit.

  4. Both the assumptions I and II are implicit.

  5. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

No government decides to impose extra taxes unless it assumes that the amount it has is insufficient to serve its purpose. Hence, I is implicit. II is also implicit; otherwise the government would have increased the levy from the targeted 2%.

Multiple choice

Directions: A statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement: Beware of dogs. Our dogs do not bark but they are trained to distinguish between genuine guests and intruders. Assumptions: I. Barking dogs rarely bite. II. Our dogs could be dangerous for intruders.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either assumption I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both the assumptions I and II are implicit.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The wording 'Beware of dogs' makes II implicit.

Multiple choice

Directions: A statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement.

Statement: The 'X' Housing Finance Company has offered its services to search suitable home at no extra cost for those who avail housing loan from it. Assumptions: I. Customers may prefer to take housing loan from 'X' Housing Finance Company as they can save a lot of their time and money spent in searching a suitable home. II. No other housing finance company has offered any such extra service with a housing loan.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either assumption I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both the assumptions I and II are implicit.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

I is implicit from the tone of the offer of the 'X' Housing Finance company, but II is not implicit.

Multiple choice

Directions: A statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement: Without reforming the entire administrative system, we cannot eradicate corruption and prejudice from the society. Assumptions: I. The existence of corruption and prejudice is good. II. There is enough flexibility to change the administrative system.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either assumption I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both the assumptions I and II are implicit.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

I is not implicit. The valid assumption is that the existence of corruption and prejudice is not desirable, II is also not implicit. The statement is silent on whether the administrative system can be reformed.

Multiple choice

Directions: A statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Statement: World Health Organisation has decided to double its assistance to various health programmes in India as per capita expenditure on health in India is very low compared to many other countries. Assumptions: I. The announced assistance may substantially increase the per capita expenditure on health in India and bring it on par with other countries. II. The government funding is less than adequate to provide basic medical facilities in India.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either assumption I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both the assumptions I and II are implicit.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The real concern of WHO is the low per capita expenditure on health in India. Now, how will the initiatives taken by WHO minimize the concern? The assumption is that the enhanced assistance may substantially increase the per capita expenditure on health in India. But assumption I is not implicit due to the last part of it, i.e. and bring it on par with countries.

Multiple choice

Directions: A statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement: The managing committee of Galaxy Housing Society has requested all its members to segregate the biodegradable garbage and put them in different containers. Assumptions: I. Other housing societies may follow the same practice as this will help conserve environment equilibrium. II. The members of Galaxy Housing Society may respond positively to the request made by the managing committee.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either assumption I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither assumption I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both the assumptions I and II are implicit.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

No one provides help to others unless one assumes that the other needs it. Hence, assumption II is implicit.