Reasoning

Statement Based Reasoning

280 Questions

Test your logical reasoning skills with these statement based questions covering assumptions and courses of action. You must critically analyze administrative decisions and implicit premises. These topics are a staple in the reasoning sections of IBPS banking, SSC, and government recruitment exams.

Courses of actionImplicit assumptionsLogical reasoningStatement analysisAdministrative decisions

Statement Based Reasoning Questions

Multiple choice technology

Which of the following statements correctly states the relationship between urgency, priority and impact

  1. Impact, priority and urgency are independent of each other

  2. Urgency should be based on impact and priority

  3. Impact should be based on urgency and priority

  4. Priority should be based on impact and urgency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Priority is determined by combining impact and urgency. Impact measures the extent of business effect, urgency measures how quickly resolution is needed, and priority is the calculated category that drives response. Priority = Impact + Urgency - this is the standard ITIL formula for incident prioritization.

Multiple choice

The proposal for combined entrance test for MBA colleges, failed to pass by only a slim margin several times in the Directors Syndicate. Twenty-seven votes were required for passage. Twenty-six directors on the Syndicate voted in favor of the proposal in 1999, whereas only 24 directors voted in favor of it in 2001. This was true even though no director changed his or her vote.

Which of the following, if true, best accounts for the change in the number of votes for the proposal from 26 in 1999 to 24 in 2001?

  1. In 1999, the Syndicate's president took a personal interest in the passage of the proposal, while in 2001 the effort was left in the hands of the members of the syndicate.

  2. There was an election in 2000 in which two council members who favored the proposal did not get re-elected to the council and no one who favored the proposal was newly elected.

  3. There was an election in 1999 in which a director who did not favor the proposal was re-elected and the faculty ad hoc committee lost one or its members.

  4. In 2000, a group of directors, not on the syndicate, petitioned extensively to convince the syndicate to oppose the proposal.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This would account for a change in the composition of the syndicate, and so for the change in the vote, without any individual director changing the way he or she voted.

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below. Within the last 25 years, a large portion of the population of the India has moved from the North to the South. This shift has occurred, not because employment opportunities in the South have expanded, but because, over the same period, the life expectancy of the India's population has increased, and more people therefore move to a warmer climate when they retire.

Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the claim made above that the population now has a greater life expectancy?

  1. Many employment opportunities in the South result from newly built retirement communities.

  2. People less than 70 year old made up less than 10 percent of retirees in 1980 but today account for over 40 percent of retirees.

  3. The segment of the population over 60 years old has increased by two-thirds in the last 20 years, while the entire population has increased by only one-half.

  4. The average cost of living in the South is significantly lower than it is in the North.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The question concerns the claim that the population now has a greater life expectancy. This answer choice states that the segment of the population over 60 years old is growing at a faster rate than the population as a whole; so more people must be living longer.

Multiple choice

The essential conditions for the dying declaration to be relevant include the

(i) statement is made by a person as to the cause of his death. (ii) statement is made by a person as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death. (iii) person must have been under expectation of death at the time of making the statement.

Which of the above propositions is/are correct?

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Under Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act, a dying declaration requires only that the statement relates to the cause of death or circumstances of the transaction resulting in death. The declarant's expectation of death at the time of making the statement is NOT an essential requirement under Indian law, though it is often present in practice. What matters is that the statement concerns the cause/circumstances and the maker is now dead (making it a hearsay exception).

Multiple choice

Statement – I: Subject to Rules of Jus Cogens, local customary law can supplement or derogate from general custom. Statement – II: International law does not recognise the concept of local custom.

  1. Both the statements are individually true and Statement – II is the correct explanation of Statement – I.

  2. Both the statements are individually true, but Statement – II is not the correct explanation of Statement – I.

  3. Statement – I is true, but Statement – II is false.

  4. Statement – I is false, but Statement – II is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A peremptory norm (also called Jus Cogens, Latin for "compelling law") is a fundamental principle of international law which is accepted by the international community of states as a norm from which no derogation is ever permitted. States can deviate from customary international law by enacting treaties and conflicting laws, but Jus Cogens are non-derogable. 

Multiple choice

Directions: The question that follows has a conclusion, followed by two statements (A) and (B).

The most widely encountered colour in the world is white. A. Almost 80% of all printed matter has white colour. B. Green is the second most widely encountered colour.

  1. if statements A alone is adequate to arrive at the conclusion.

  2. if statement B alone is adequate to arrive at the conclusion.

  3. if both statements A and B are required to arrive at the conclusion.

  4. if both statements are insufficient to draw the conclusion.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Printed matter is a small fraction of the colours that we encounter in the world.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: A few people demanded one-man-one-post in the case of the minister, for strengthening the party and for efficient administration. Assumptions: I. No human being can be efficient in two spheres. II. A person attending to only administration or party work will be able to do much.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

I is too sweeping an assumption.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: Population limitation follows economic prosperity automatically. Assumptions: I. Poor people are against population control. II. Economic prosperity spares no time to individuals for family activities.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Neither assumption is implicit in the statement. The statement claims that economic prosperity automatically leads to population limitation, but it makes no claim about poor people's attitudes toward population control (Assumption I) or about time availability for family activities (Assumption II). These are external ideas not connected to the given statement.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: Keep your tongue and your temper in control. Rakesh is a person of few words Assumptions: I. Rakesh does not lose his temper. II. Rakesh has a control over his tongue.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The statement 'Rakesh is a person of few words' directly implies that he exercises control over his speech, which validates Assumption II. However, the statement only gives general advice about controlling temper and doesn't provide any specific information about Rakesh's temperamental behavior. Therefore, Assumption I is not implicit in the given statement.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: War begins in the minds of men, and it is in the minds of men that defence against war has to be built. Assumptions: I. Individuals are responsible for waging war. II. Wars take place because people's thinking is not on the right lines.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The statement states that 'war begins in the minds of men,' which directly implies that individuals are responsible for initiating wars - validating Assumption I. The second part about building 'defence against war' in minds suggests that current thinking needs correction, which supports Assumption II that wars occur because people's thinking is misguided. Both assumptions are logically embedded in the statement.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: Happiness is to be shared. Unhappy people suffer. Assumptions: I. Unhappy people share sufferings. II. Happy people do not suffer.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Assumption I is not implicit because the statement says happiness is shared, not that unhappy people share sufferings. Assumption II is not implicit because suffering is not exclusively tied to happiness levels in the text. Thus, neither assumption follows logically.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: Education and social changes are complementary, and lead to a steady loss of tradition on people's mind. Assumptions: I. There is a direct relationship between education and social change and decline of tradition on people's mind. II. Traditions can make priceless contribution to society.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

I can be directly inferred. II is irrelevant.

Multiple choice

Directions: Sometimes we conclude about characteristics of a general phenomenon by studying or analyzing characteristics of a particular phenomenon. Below are given such inductive arguments. The generalization is given first, followed by a particular statement. You have to find out whether the numbered particular statement strongly confirms, vaguely hints, contradicts, or is irrelevant to the generalisation. Read the question below and answer accordingly.

Generalisation: Professors with tenure don`t work as hard as professors without tenure.

  1. The possibility of losing one`s job is an incentive to work hard.
  2. Professor Smith, who is tenured, work 14 hours a day. What type of support does statement (2) provide for this generalization?

  1. Strongly confirms

  2. Vaguely hints

  3. Contradicts

  4. Irrelevant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Here is an example of a professor with tenure, who really works very hard.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: The Railway authorities have decided to increase the freight charges by 10 per cent, in view of the possibility of incurring losses in the current financial year. Assumptions: I. The volume of freight during the remaining period may remain the same. II. The amount so obtained may set off a part or total of the estimated deficit.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The volume may decrease, but not proportionately.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: The first step in treating addicts is to re-establish their lost ties, for which a continuous personal attention should be paid to the addicts under treatment. Assumptions: I. Addicts under treatment respond better when shown personal interest. II. Addiction and strained relationships are intimately connected.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The statement mentions treating addicts by 're-establishing their lost ties' and requiring 'continuous personal attention.' This directly implies that addiction and strained relationships are connected (Assumption II) and that addicts respond better to personal attention (Assumption I). Both assumptions are necessary for the treatment approach described to make sense.