Reasoning

Statement Based Reasoning

216 Questions

Test your logical reasoning skills with these statement based questions covering assumptions and courses of action. You must critically analyze administrative decisions and implicit premises. These topics are a staple in the reasoning sections of IBPS banking, SSC, and government recruitment exams.

Courses of actionImplicit assumptionsLogical reasoningStatement analysisAdministrative decisions

Statement Based Reasoning Questions

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, one statement or advertisement is followed by two or three assumptions. On the basis of the statement choose which is/are implicit.

Statement: ''Please issue a circular to all the officers to assemble in the Conference Hall for attending a notice.'' Director tells his Secretary. Assumptions: I. All the officers will follow the instruction. II. Some officers may not attend the meeting.

  1. Only assumption I is implicit.

  2. Only assumption II is implicit.

  3. Either I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both I and II are implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Assumption I is implicit because the Director's instruction assumes compliance - otherwise the circular serves no purpose. Assumption II is NOT implicit because it contradicts the directive; if officers may not attend, the instruction would be framed differently (like 'requesting attendance'). The statement's authoritative nature presumes obedience.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, one statement or advertisement is followed by two or three assumptions. On the basis of the statement choose which is/are implicit.

Statement: Training must be given to all the employees for increasing productivity and profitability. Assumptions: I. Training is essential component of productivity. II. Employees can't function effectively without proper training. III. Profitability and Productivity are supplementary to each other.

  1. None is implicit.

  2. All are implicit.

  3. Only III is implicit.

  4. Either I or II is implicit.

  5. Both I and III are implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

All three assumptions are implicit. I is implicit because the statement directly links training to productivity, implying training is essential. II is implicit because the statement suggests employees cannot achieve desired productivity/profitability without training. III is implicit as the statement treats profitability and productivity as complementary goals that training addresses simultaneously.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, one statement or advertisement is followed by two or three assumptions. On the basis of the statement choose which is/are implicit.

Statement: ''I will like to study the effect of the revision of the pay scale on the workers job satisfaction.'' A said to B. Assumptions: I. A has the capacity to study such work. II. It is possible to measure job satisfaction.

  1. Only I is implicit.

  2. Only II is implicit.

  3. Either I or II is implicit.

  4. Neither I nor II is implicit.

  5. Both are implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Both assumptions are implicit. I is implicit because A wouldn't propose studying something they lack capacity for - the statement presumes capability. II is implicit because proposing to study job satisfaction assumes it's a measurable phenomenon; otherwise the study would be meaningless. The entire research proposal rests on these premises.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following questio, one statement or advertisement is followed by two or three assumptions. On the basis of the statement choose which is/are implicit.

Statement: Saroj made an application to the bank for a loan of Rs. 1,80,000 by mortgaging his house to the bank and promised to repay it within five years. Assumptions: I. The bank has a practice of granting loans for Rs. 1,00,000/- and above. II. The bank accepts house as collateral security against such loans.
III. The bank may grant loan to Saroj.

  1. All are implicit.

  2. None is implicit.

  3. Only I and II are implicit.

  4. Only II and III are implicit.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All three assumptions are implicit. I is implicit because Saroj is applying for Rs. 1.8L, suggesting the bank handles such amounts. II is implicit as he's mortgaging his house, showing the bank accepts house collateral. III is implicit because he's applying at all - he assumes there's a possibility of approval. These assumptions underpin the entire loan application.

Multiple choice

What is/are the assumption(s) taken for Black box concept?

  1. The relationship between the inputs and the outputs is stable

  2. Black boxes are dependent on environment

  3. The supra-system is stable

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The black box concept assumes that the system's behavior is predictable and consistent based on its inputs. If the relationship between inputs and outputs were unstable, the black box model would not be applicable.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follows and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement.

Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: The Railway authorities have decided to increase the freight charges by 10 percent, in view of the possibility of incurring losses in the current financial year. Assumptions: I. The volume of freight during the remaining period may remain the same. II. The amount so obtained may set off a part or total of the estimated deficit.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The volume may decrease, but not proportionately.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follow, and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: A few people demanded one-man-one-post in the case of the minister, for strengthening the party and for efficient administration. Assumptions: I. No human being can be efficient in two spheres. II. A person attending to only administration or party work will be able to do much.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

I is too sweeping or wide to be correct as an assumption.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You have to consider each statement and assumption that follows, and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement.

Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: Education and social changes are complementary, and lead to a steady loss of tradition on people's mind. Assumptions: I. There is a direct relationship between education and social change, and decline of tradition on people's mind. II. Traditions can make priceless contribution to society.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

I can be directly inferred. II is irrelevant.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follow, and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement.

Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: If water pollution continues at its present rate, it will eventually make oxygen molecules unavailable to water plants. Assumptions: I. Water pollution affects the growth of water plants. II. Water pollution reduces the availability of oxygen in water.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

No reference is made regarding the growth of the plants in the statement. So, only the second assumption is implicit.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follow, and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit.

Statement: War begins in the minds of men, and it is in the minds of men that defense against war has to be built. Assumptions: I. Individuals are responsible for waging war. II. Wars rise because people's thinking is not on the right lines.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both assumptions are implicit in the statement. Wars rise in the minds of men, so they are responsible. Moreover the violence in the mind is responsible for the thoughts of war. War is outward expression of the violence in the mind.

Multiple choice

Directions: Given statement is followed by two assumptions (I) and (II). An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement.

Statement: We should use detergent to clean objects. Assumptions: (I) Detergents help to dislodge grease and dirt. (II) Detergent form more lather.

  1. Neither I nor II is implicit.

  2. Both I and II are implicit.

  3. Only I is implicit.

  4. Only II is implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the statement the main focus is based on the purpose of using detergent which is to clean objects.  The first assumption is implicit because this is based on the main purpose of above statement. The second statement doesnt based on the cleaning puspose of detergent. Hence option 3 is correct.

Multiple choice

Directions: Given statement is followed by two assumptions (I) and (II). An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement.

Statement: Every year doctors, scientists and engineers migrate from India to greener pastures. Assumptions: (I) Brain drain has affected India adversely. (II) Better scales and better standards of living act as a bait to lure them.

  1. Neither I or nor II is implicit.

  2. Both I and II are implicit.

  3. Only I is implicit.

  4. Only II is implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Assumption (II) is implicit because the statement mentions migration to 'greener pastures', which implies that the migrants are motivated by better conditions elsewhere. Assumption (I) is not necessarily implicit because the statement describes a phenomenon without explicitly judging its impact as adverse.

Multiple choice

What is the relationship between the two boldface sentences?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

Over the past few years, the mushrooming of torrent download sites has dealt a severe blow to the revenues of the entertainment industry. Internet has become ubiquitous, and the torrent download sites have everything from books to magazines to TV shows to movies available for just the cost of a broadband connection. It stands to reason that the entertainment industry is under threat due to the advancement of the Information Technology industry.

  1. The first boldface sentence draws a conclusion which is supported by the evidence provided in the second boldface sentence.

  2. For the second boldface sentence to be true, the first has to be true.

  3. Both provide evidence that supports the conclusion drawn in the remaining part of the argument.

  4. If the first sentence is taken to be true, the second sentence can be reasonably inferred from it.

  5. Both the statements are mutually inter-dependent. If one of them is negated, the other statement automatically gets negated.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

(1) Incorrect; it is the other way around. The second statement is the conclusion and the first statement is evidence from which the conclusion can be drawn. (2) Incorrect; a rather extreme option. The entertainment industry can be under threat from I.T. because people are spending more and more time online, not necessarily because the people are downloading a lot of stuff. (3) Incorrect; the first statement provides a suitable conclusion that can be inferred from the evidence given in the first statement. (4) Correct; if the first statement is taken to be true, the second statement can be the conclusion drawn from it. Because entertainment industry is losing revenue to illegal downloading of movies, books, TV shows etcetera, it can be reasonably inferred that the entertainment industry is under threat from the I.T. industry. (5) Incorrect; even if statement two is negated, it does not necessarily negate that torrent download sites have mushroomed.

Multiple choice

Directions: The question has a set of four sequentially ordered statements; each statement can be classified as one of the following: Facts, which deal with pieces of information that one has heard, seen or read, and which are pen the discovery or verification (the answer option indicates such a statements with an 'F') Inferences, which are conclusions drawn about the unknown, on the basis of the known (the answer option indicates such a statement with an 'I'). Judgments, which are opinions that imply approval or disapproval of persons, objects, situations, and occurrences in the past, the present, or the future (the answer option indicates such as statement with a 'J') Select the answer option that best describes the set of four statements.

  1. Banks are maintaining a strict scrutiny over loans to hazardous material industries with pollution potential such as power plants, oil refineries, paper mills and mineral extraction that impact environment adversely.
  2. Banks ought to follow the guidelines that use environment sensitive parameters, apart from financial, so as to fund projects that will not have negative social effects.
  3. Having fixed the criteria to projects that are green considering longevity and recyclables of the raw material, it is but natural to monitor the ecological impact of a loan.
  4. Some banks might even support water-harvesting projects, education, microfinance, forestry, and tree-plantations.

  1. FJIJ

  2. FJII

  3. FJJI

  4. FJJJ

  5. IIFJ
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Statement 1 refers to a fact. Statement 2 is an advice and hence a judgment. Statement 3 again is advisory and is judgment based and so is the case of statement 4. Hence, FJJJ

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two inferences. Which of the inferences can be logically drawn from the statement?

Statement: The mutual dependence of men is so great in all societies that scarcely any human action is entirely complete in itself, or is performed without some reference to the actions of others, which are requisite to make it answer fully the intention of the agent. Inference: (A) The poorest farmer, who labours alone, and for self consumption, may still not be an exception to the rule. (B) The farmer, if he carries his goods to market, and offers them at a reasonable price, shall definitely find purchasers, and shall be able, by the money he acquires, to engage others to supply him with those commodities which are requisite for his subsistence.

  1. if inference (A) alone can be drawn from the statement

  2. if inference (B) alone can be drawn from the statement

  3. if both (A) and (B) can be drawn from the statement

  4. if neither (A) nor (B) can be drawn from the statement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Inference (A) is probabilistic (may) and hence, not necessarily covered by 'scarcely'. Inference (B) is rendered incorrect by the definitive 'shall definitely'.