Reasoning

Statement Based Reasoning

216 Questions

Test your logical reasoning skills with these statement based questions covering assumptions and courses of action. You must critically analyze administrative decisions and implicit premises. These topics are a staple in the reasoning sections of IBPS banking, SSC, and government recruitment exams.

Courses of actionImplicit assumptionsLogical reasoningStatement analysisAdministrative decisions

Statement Based Reasoning Questions

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follow, and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit; (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit.

Statement: If water pollution continues at its present rate, it will eventually make oxygen molecules unavailable to water plants. Assumptions: I. Water pollution affects the growth of water plants. II. Water pollution reduces the availability of oxygen in water.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Both I and II cannot be implicit because I is out of the scope of argument we don't know whether availability of oxygen is conducive or deleterious to growth of plants. Only II is implicit because of the word UNAVAILABLE.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follow, and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit; (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit.

Statement: War begins in the minds of men, and it is in the minds of men that defense against war has to be built. Assumptions: I. Individuals are responsible for waging war. II. Wars rise because people's thinking is not on the right lines.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 I and II both can be implicit in the given case. War beginning in the minds and not thinking on the right lines is the key phrase to reach the correct answer choice.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider each statement and assumption(s) that follow, and decide which of the assumption(s) is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer (1) if only I is implicit; (2) if only II is implicit; (3) if both I and II are implicit; (4) if neither I nor II is implicit; (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit.

Statement: The Railway authorities have decided to increase the freight charges by 10 per cent, in view of the possibility of incurring losses in the current financial year. Assumptions: I. The volume of freight during the remaining period may remain the same. II. The amount so obtained may set off a part or total of the estimated deficit

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 Only if the a part or whole of the amount can be set off , is the measure worthy. Hence, II can be implicit and (2) is the correct answer choice.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question below a statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the assumptions given and decide which of the choices about implicitness of assumption is true.

Sandeep has a large collection of books and he keeps on purchasing new books to add to his collection. Implications: I. Sandeep loves and cares for books. II. Sandeep has read each and every book that he has purchased.

  1. If only assumption I is implicit

  2. If only assumption II is implicit

  3. If neither I nor II is implicit

  4. If both the assumptions are implicit

  5. If either I alone or II alone is implicit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A person would buy and preserve something only if he has love and care for that particular thing. I explains the same and is hence the correct answer. choice.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question below a statement is given followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the assumptions given and decide which of the choices about implicitness of assumption is true.

This year most of the shops and departmental stores are offering prizes and discounts on purchases to attract customers. Implications: I. The shops and departmental stores have so far earned a lot of profit so now they have started sharing it with customers. II. Lots of goods are available but the sale is not shooting up, there is no cheer for the customers.

  1. If only assumption I is implicit.

  2. If only assumption II is implicit.

  3. If neither I nor II is implicit.

  4. If both the assumptions are implicit.

  5. If either I alone or II alone is implicit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Discounts and prizes are an eye candy to attract customers. So, II is a logical assumption to jack up sales.

Multiple choice

Directions: In question below a statement is given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statement.

The citizen's forum wants to unite tax-paying citizens and to make them aware of their right to lead quality civic life. I. Till this time the citizens were neither united nor much aware of their rights as tax-paying citizens. II. Quality civic life is not possible for tax paying citizens in a country.

  1. If only conclusion I follows

  2. If only conclusion II follows

  3. If either conclusion I or II follows

  4. If both the conclusions follow

  5. If neither of the conclusions follow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 I is definitely the conclusion because only something that is not united can be united. But II is illogical. The need for uniting doesn't mean that without uniting people cannot lead quality civic life. Hence, (1) is the correct choice.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider the statement and the assumptions that follow and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Give the answer as

(1) if only I is implicit (2) if only II is implicit (3) if both I and II are implicit (4) if neither I nor II is implicit (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit

Statement: Keep your tongue and your temper in control. Rakesh is a person of few words. Assumptions: I. Rakesh does not lose his temper. II. Rakesh has control over his tongue.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The statement does not say anything about Rakesh’s temper, only about his being laconic.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider the statement and the assumptions that follow and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Give the answer as

(1) if only I is implicit (2) if only II is implicit (3) if both I and II are implicit (4) if neither I nor II is implicit (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit

Statement: Population limitation follows economic prosperity automatically. Assumptions: I. Poor people are against population control. II. Economic prosperity spares no time to individuals for family activities.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Neither assumption can be inferred. The first statement is nowhere related to the relation between economic prosperity (cause) and population limitation (effect). The second statement has gone way out of the scope. Limitation is not due to paucity of time at disposal. Hence, this (neither is implicit) is the correct answer choice.

Multiple choice

Directions: The statement given below is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider the statement and the assumptions that follow and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer.

(1) if only I is implicit (2) if only II is implicit (3) if both I and II are implicit (4) if neither I nor II is implicit (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit Statement: Spicy food damages the liver. The patient is advised to take a liver tonic. Assumptions: I. The patient takes spicy food. II. A healthy liver is necessary to digest food.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Only I is implicit because the statement assumes that the patient has been taking spicy food. Therefore, his liver is damaged and he is advised to take a liver tonic. Statement II is not implicit because we cannot infer that liver is a digestive organ or non-digestive organ.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider the statement and the assumptions that follow and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Give answer

(1) if only I is implicit (2) if only II is implicit (3) if both I and II are implicit (4) if neither I nor II is implicit (5) if either I alone or II alone is implicit

Statement: The first step in treating addicts is to re-establish their lost ties, for which a continuous personal attention should be paid to the addicts under treatment. Assumptions: I. Addicts under treatment respond better when shown personal interest. II. Addiction and strained relationships are intimately connected.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Something gains acceptability only if it has shown results in past. Here, the first statement signifies the proof that showing personal interest, benefits the addicts. Also, if something is related to a problem and has a role in treating the same, it gets prescribed. Here, both I and II are implicit and therefore, (3) is the correct answer choice.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the following question, a statement is followed by two assumptions I and II. You are to consider the statement and the assumptions that follow and decide which of the assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Give the answer as

(1) If both I and II are implicit (2) If only II is implicit (3) If only I is implicit (4) If neither I nor II is implicit (5) If either I alone or II alone is implicit

Statement: Happiness is to be shared. Unhappy people suffer. Assumptions: I. Unhappy people share sufferings. II. Happy people do not suffer.

  1. (1)

  2. (2)

  3. (3)

  4. (4)

  5. (5)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Only I is implicit, II is not. As per the statement 'happiness is to be shared,' means happiness whether it is happy or unhappy has to be shared. Happy people share their happiness, whereas unhappy people share their sufferings. ‘Unhappy people suffer’ doesn’t mean happy people do not suffer.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question given below a statement is followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow up or further action in regard to the problem, policy etc. on the basis of the information given in the statement. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide which of the three given/suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing and decide the answer.

Statement: The Deputy Mayor of city Z has proposed to install a plant of mineral water and to supply the citizens mineral water bottles at Rs. 6 per litre as against Rs. 10 per litre being sold by local private companies. Courses of action: I. The local private companies of city Z will have to close their operations. II. The Corporation of city Z will have to provide for the losses in this project in its budget. III. The tap water scheme of city Z will have to be stopped.

  1. All of these

  2. Only I and III

  3. Only I and II

  4. None of these

  5. Only II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

None of the courses of action logically follow. Closing private companies is an extreme and unnecessary measure; the city can compete without banning others. Budgeting for losses is not a given, as the project might be profitable. Stopping the tap water scheme is unrelated to providing bottled water.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question given below a statement is followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow up or further action in regard to the problem, policy etc. on the basis of the information given in the statement. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide which of the three given/suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing and decide the answer.

Statement: The Management of school M has decided to give free breakfast from next academic year to all the students in its primary section through its canteen even though they will not get any government grant. Courses of action: I. The school will have to admit many poor students who will seek admission for the next academic year. II. The canteen facilities and utensils will have to be checked and new purchases to be made to equip it properly. III. Funds will have to be raised to support the scheme for years to come.

  1. Only either I or II

  2. Only II and III

  3. Only I

  4. None of these

  5. All the three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

For doing this work these two steps are needed.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question, a statement is followed by two courses of action numbered I and II. Assume everything in the statement to be true, and decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for pursuing the statement.

Statement: company X has rejected the first lot of valves supplied by company A and has cancelled its entire huge order quoting use of inferior quality material and poor craftsmanship. Courses of action: (I) Company A needs to investigate the functioning of its purchase, production & quality control departments. (II) Company A should inspect all the valves rejected by Company X. (III) Company A should inform Company X that steps have been taken for improvement & renegotiate schedule of supply.

  1. Only I and II

  2. Only II

  3. All

  4. II and either I or III

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

First & second courses of action will be for improvement.

Multiple choice

Directions: In the question given below a statement is followed by three courses of action numbered I, II and III. A course of action is a step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow up or further action in regard to the problem, policy etc. on the basis of the information given in the statement. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then decide which of the three given/suggested courses of action logically follows for pursuing and decide the answer.

Statement: The chairman of the car company announced in the meeting that all trials of its first product, the new car model ‘M’ are over and company plans to launch its car in the market after six months. Courses of action: I. The network of dealers is to be finalised and all legal, financial and other matters in this connection will have to be finished shortly. II. The company will have to make plans for product other than car. III. Material, managerial and other resources will have to be fine tuned to maintain production schedule.

  1. I and III only

  2. Only I

  3. All of these

  4. Only II

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Second course of action is not needed because first of all the sale and production of the car to be launched is to be taken care off.