Reasoning

Statement Based Reasoning

280 Questions

Test your logical reasoning skills with these statement based questions covering assumptions and courses of action. You must critically analyze administrative decisions and implicit premises. These topics are a staple in the reasoning sections of IBPS banking, SSC, and government recruitment exams.

Courses of actionImplicit assumptionsLogical reasoningStatement analysisAdministrative decisions

Statement Based Reasoning Questions

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

Pedro goes either hunting or fishing every day. If it is snowing & windy then Pedro goes hunting. If it is sunny and not windy then Pedro goes fishing. Sometimes it can be snowing and sunny. Which of the following statements must be true:

  1. If it is not sunny and it is snowing then Pedro goes hunting.

  2. If it is windy and Pedro does not go hunting then it is not snowing.

  3. If it is windy and not sunny then Pedro goes hunting.

  4. If it is windy and sunny then Pedro goes hunting.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The rules are: (snowing ∧ windy) → hunting, and (sunny ∧ ¬windy) → fishing. Option B uses the contrapositive of the first rule: if ¬hunting, then ¬(snowing ∧ windy), which means if it's snowing then it's not windy (¬windy). Since we know it's windy, it must not be snowing. This is logically valid. Options A and D make unjustified assumptions. Option C doesn't follow from either rule.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

Suse, Fedora, Ubuntu order either coffee or tea after dinner. a)If Suse orders coffee, Fedora orders the drink that is ordered by ubuntu. b)If Fedora orders coffee, Suse do not order the drink that is ordered by Ubuntu. c)If Ubuntu orders tea, Suse orders the same drink ordered by Fedora . Who take the same drink every day.

  1. Suse

  2. Fedora

  3. Ubuntu

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

By testing possibilities: If Ubuntu takes Tea, Suse and Fedora must take the same (Rule C). If they all take Tea, Rule B is satisfied (Fedora doesn't take coffee). If Suse takes Coffee, Fedora must match Ubuntu (Rule A). Suse is the only one whose choice remains consistent across valid logical constraints.

Multiple choice general knowledge

All informative things are useful. Some websites are not useful.

  1. Some websites are not informative.

  2. All websites are useful.

  3. None

  4. Both
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Valid syllogism: All informative things are useful (informative ⊆ useful). Some websites are not useful (websites ∩ useful ≠ websites). Since some websites fall outside the useful set and all informative things are inside it, those websites cannot be informative, meaning some websites are not informative.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

Aleisha is older than Gabrielle but younger than Angela. Katerina is older than Gabrielle but younger than Ashlee. Angela is older than Katerina who is older than Aleisha. Ashlee is older than Angela. Who is the second youngest?

  1. Aleisha

  2. Asglee

  3. Angela

  4. Katerina

  5. Gabrielle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Build the chain: Ashlee > Angela > Katerina > Aleisha > Gabrielle. The order is Ashlee (eldest), Angela, Katerina, Aleisha (second youngest), Gabrielle (youngest). Aleisha is the second youngest.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

All the trees in the park are flowering trees. Some of the trees in the park are dogwoods. All dogwoods in the park are flowering trees. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is

  1. CORRECT

  2. WRONG

  3. UNCERTAIN

  4. NONE OF THESE
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

If all trees in the park are flowering, and dogwoods are a subset of the trees in the park, then those dogwoods must be flowering trees. The logic is a simple syllogism.

Multiple choice general knowledge

I have a horse. Do you know what color it is? Allan said, "I guess it is not black". Brian said, "It is either brown, or gray". Charlie said "I know it is brown". I said, "At least one of you is right and at least one of you is wrong." What is the color of my horse if the color is one of the above?

  1. Brown

  2. Black

  3. Grey

  4. N/A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is a logical deduction problem. If the horse were brown, both Brian and Charlie would be right, violating the condition that 'at least one of you is wrong'. If it were black, both Allan (who said 'not black') and Brian (who said brown or gray) would be wrong, violating 'at least one of you is right'. Therefore, it must be gray, making Brian right and Allan wrong.

Multiple choice general knowledge

I have a horse. Do you know what color it is? Allan said, "I guess it is not black". Brian said, "It is either brown, or gray". Charlie said "I know it is brown". I said, "At least one of you is right and at least one of you is wrong." What is the color of my horse if the color is one of the above?

  1. Brown

  2. Black

  3. Grey

  4. N/A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Test each color against the statements. If black: Allan is wrong (said not black), Brian is wrong, Charlie is wrong - violates 'at least one right'. If brown: Allan is right, Brian is right, Charlie is right - violates 'at least one wrong'. If gray: Allan is right (not black), Brian is right (gray), Charlie is wrong (not brown) - satisfies both conditions.

Multiple choice general knowledge

I have a horse. Do you know what color it is? Allan said, "I guess it is not black". Brian said, "It is either brown, or gray". Charlie said "I know it is brown". I said, "At least one of you is right and at least one of you is wrong." What is the color of my horse if the color is one of the above?

  1. Black

  2. Brown

  3. Gray

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Allan says 'not black', Brian says 'brown or gray', Charlie says 'brown'. At least one is right and at least one is wrong. If it's brown, Allan (not black) and Charlie (brown) would both be right, but only Brian would be wrong - this satisfies 'at least one right, one wrong'. However, if it's gray, Allan (not black) is right, Brian (brown or gray) is right, Charlie (brown) is wrong. This also satisfies the condition. But if it's black, Allan would be wrong, Charlie would be wrong, and only Brian would be wrong - giving 0 correct, violating 'at least one right'. So gray is the correct answer, which matches option C.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

100 Politicians are attending a political convention. You know that the politicians are either corrupt or honest, nothing in between. There is at least one honest politician. If you randomly choose 2 politicians at least one of them will be corrupt. How many politicians are corrupt and how many are honest?

  1. 95 corrupt 5 honest

  2. 100 corrupt

  3. 99 corrupt and 1 honet

  4. 100 honest
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If there are 2 or more honest politicians, choosing those 2 would give 0 corrupt, violating the condition. With exactly 1 honest, any pair including that person plus any corrupt politician satisfies 'at least one corrupt.' Thus, 99 corrupt and 1 honest is the only solution.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

There are four girls A, B, C, D. A is taller than B but shorter than D. Tallest girl is the youngest & oldest girl is the shortest. C is not either the oldest nor the youngest. who is the youngest among them??

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Given A is taller than B but shorter than D, the height order is D > A > B. Since tallest (D) is youngest and shortest (B) is oldest, and C is neither oldest nor youngest, the age order must be B (oldest) > A/C (middle) > D (youngest). As D is tallest, D is youngest.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

There are four girls A, B, C, D. A is taller than B but shorter than D. Tallest girl is the youngest & oldest girl is the shortest. C is not either the oldest nor the youngest. who is the shortest among them??

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

From the height relationship D > A > B, we know A is not the shortest. Since C is neither oldest nor youngest (but could be shortest), and the four girls are A, B, C, D, the only person who can be shortest is B. The oldest is shortest constraint confirms B is both oldest and shortest.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

There are four girls A, B, C, D. A is taller than B but shorter than D. Tallest girl is the youngest & oldest girl is the shortest. C is not either the oldest nor the youngest. who is younger among A & C?

  1. A

  2. C

  3. both same height

  4. can't be determined
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

We can determine that D is tallest (youngest) and B is shortest (oldest), but A and C's relative ages cannot be determined from the given information. C is not oldest or youngest, so C is somewhere in the middle. A's age position relative to C is unknown - A could be older or younger than C.

Multiple choice general knowledge math & puzzles

There are four girls A, B, C, D. A is taller than B but shorter than D. Tallest girl is the youngest & oldest girl is the shortest. C is not either the oldest nor the youngest. who is taller among A & C?

  1. A

  2. C

  3. both has same height

  4. can't be determined
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

We can determine that D is tallest (youngest) and B is shortest (oldest), but A and C's relative heights cannot be determined from the given information. We know A's position in the height ranking (D > A > B), but C's height position is unspecified.

Multiple choice technology

Which of the following statements correctly states the relationship between urgency, priority and impact

  1. Impact, priority and urgency are independent of each other

  2. Urgency should be based on impact and priority

  3. Impact should be based on urgency and priority

  4. Priority should be based on impact and urgency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In ITIL incident management, priority is determined by combining two factors: impact (how widespread the incident is on business operations) and urgency (how quickly the incident needs to be resolved). Priority is therefore derived FROM impact and urgency, not the other way around. Impact and urgency are the inputs, priority is the calculated output.