Social Inequality and Policy

The enclosure movement involved the consolidation of small landholdings into larger, fenced-in farms, which deprived the rural poor of their customary rights to use common lands for grazing and gathering.

The causes of poverty include changing trends in a country's economy, lack of education, unemployment, health, etc.

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)  is a government welfare programme which provides food, preschool education, and primary healthcare to children under 6 years of age and their mothers. In addition to fighting malnutrition and ill health, the programme also intends to combat gender inequality.

The government promoted regional equity by requiring licenses for new industries, which allowed them to steer investment toward backward regions.

The failure to achieve industrial production targets is typically multifaceted, involving technical issues, infrastructure bottlenecks (power/finance), and poor planning, making 'all of the above' the correct choice.

The farmers will not look to improve land productivity or maintain the land in good condition as insecurity of tenancy rights will demotivate them to do so. 

The social environment includes composition of family, number of households, literacy rate of a certain population, money supply in the economy and per capita income of a family.

Population growth rate  is not a political factor that impacts external macro-environment. It is a demographic feature. Population growth rate specifies the rate at which the population is increasing or decreasing.

Household sector consumes various resources which are limited in means from the society. Therefore, the problem of these limited resources are faced by the households because their demands are unlimited and by the society as well because the society has to preserve these resources for future needs. 

The lack of adequate employment opportunities in rural areas is a major push factor driving migration to urban centers, leading to rapid urbanization.

In China and Southeast Asian countries, the governments invested a lot of money in human resource development. Various programmes were conducted with respect to employment creation, literacy, health and hygiene.

All this helped to reduce poverty in these nations in the last decade.

Provision of employment under poverty alleviation programmes enables security of livelihood for the poor leading to lesser migration to urban areas for job opportunities. This leads to entrapping of surplus labor in productive activities and increased agricultural productivity.

According to economic theory, higher income levels generally provide individuals with a greater surplus after meeting basic needs, which increases their capacity to save.

Poverty is widely recognized as the primary cause of hunger, as it limits individuals' ability to purchase or produce sufficient, nutritious food.

Prohibition led to the rise of organized crime, as illegal bootlegging became highly profitable, which in turn corrupted law enforcement and political officials.